Correlation between avalanche emergencies and avalanche danger forecast in the alpine region of Tyrol
| Autor: | Wolfgang Lederer, Johann F. Kinzl, Christian Frimmel, Hermann Brugger, Guenther Sumann, Bernhard Rainer |
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| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Surveillance data Injury control Adolescent education Poison control Disaster Planning Risk Assessment Occupational safety and health Disasters Accident Prevention Sex Factors Skiing Snow Injury prevention Forensic engineering Humans Child Medical systems Aged Retrospective Studies Retrospective review Avalanche hazard Air Ambulances Middle Aged Geography Accidents Austria Emergency Medicine Female Topography Medical Demography Forecasting |
| Zdroj: | European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine. 15(1) |
| ISSN: | 0969-9546 |
| Popis: | OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether frequency of avalanche accidents corresponds with the danger assessment given in avalanche hazard tables and with topographic factors of the avalanche origin. METHODS: A retrospective review of official avalanche surveillance data and of medical reports from helicopter-based emergency medical systems was conducted. RESULTS: Most victims involved in avalanche accidents are ski tourers and off-piste skiers, about 90% are male, and age ranges from 10 to more than 70 years. Sixty-seven percent of accidents occurred when moderate and considerable danger was forecast. In 94.0% of accidents avalanches were triggered by victims themselves or by nearby recreationists; 32.6% of avalanche slides occurred on extremely steep slopes at gradients exceeding 40 degrees . Overall incidence of accidents before noon was 25.0%. Professional stand-by avalanche parties significantly contributed to rescuing avalanche victims, but the chance of survival is diminished when arrival was delayed. All patients who were able to free themselves from avalanche burial survived. Of those rescued by companions, 78.0% survived compared with only 10.0% of those rescued by organized rescue teams (P |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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