Lead migration from toys by anodic stripping voltammetry using a bismuth film electrode
| Autor: | Adriana M. Pimenta, Christelle S. Afonso, M. Renata S. Souto, Ana F. Q. Fernandes, Rita I. L. Catarino, M. Fernanda C. Leal |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Bismuth film electrode Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Toys chemistry.chemical_element 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology 01 natural sciences Bismuth Humans Electrodes Voltammetry 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science Portugal Toxicity 010401 analytical chemistry Infant Newborn Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Infant Electrochemical Techniques Play and Playthings 0104 chemical sciences Anodic stripping voltammetry Lead chemistry Child Preschool Electrode Environmental Pollutants Nuclear chemistry |
| Zdroj: | Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health. 71:300-306 |
| ISSN: | 2154-4700 1933-8244 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/19338244.2015.1096757 |
| Popis: | Metals may be released from toys via saliva during mouthing, via sweat during dermal contact, or via gastric and intestinal fluids after partial or whole ingestion. In this study, we determined the lead migration from toys bought on the Portuguese market for children below 3 years of age. The lead migration was performed according to the European Committee for Standardization EN 71–3, which proposes a 2-hour migration test that simulates human gastric conditions. The voltammetric determination of migrated lead was performed by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) at a bismuth film electrode (BiFE). For all the analyzed toys, the values of migrated lead did not exceed the limits imposed by the European Committee for Standardization EN 71–3 (90 mg kg−1) and by the EU Directive 2009/48/EC (13.5 mg kg−1) on the safety of toys. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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