Nanocavitation in Carbon Black Filled Styrene?Butadiene Rubber under Tension Detected by Real Time Small Angle X-ray Scattering
| Autor: | Fabien Vion-Loisel, Edward J. Kramer, Huan Zhang, Hugh R. Brown, Gilles Besnard, Arthur K. Scholz, Costantino Creton, Alexander Hexemer, Jordan de Crevoisier |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Styrene-butadiene Polymers and Plastics PLASTIC-DEFORMATION 02 engineering and technology Neutron scattering 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Inorganic Chemistry chemistry.chemical_compound Natural rubber CAVITY GROWTH Materials Chemistry Composite material [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat] POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) POLYMER NETWORKS [PHYS]Physics [physics] Small-angle X-ray scattering Scattering Organic Chemistry Carbon black VOLUME VARIATION NATURAL-RUBBER 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 0104 chemical sciences chemistry NEUTRON-SCATTERING CRACK TIPS visual_art Volume fraction visual_art.visual_art_medium Deformation (engineering) FRACTURE-MECHANICS 0210 nano-technology STRUCTURAL-CHANGES [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft] |
| Zdroj: | Macromolecules Macromolecules, American Chemical Society, 2012, 45 (3), pp.1529-1543. ⟨10.1021/ma2023606⟩ Macromolecules, 2012, 45 (3), pp.1529-1543. ⟨10.1021/ma2023606⟩ |
| ISSN: | 0024-9297 1520-5835 |
| Popis: | International audience; Nanocavitation was detected for the first time in carbon black filled styrene-butadiene rubber (CB-SBR) under uniaxial loading by real time small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) using synchrotron X-ray radiation. A three phase model was developed to calculate the void volume fraction from the scattering invariant Q determined from the observed SAXS patterns. The normalized scattering invariant Q/Q(0), where Q(0) is the invariant before deformation, greatly increased above a critical extension ratio lambda(onset) which we attribute to the formation of nanovoids. Analysis of the 2D scattering patterns show that voids formed are 20-40 nm in size and elongated along the tensile direction. Cavities formed beyond lambda(onset) are smaller as lambda increases. Results from the scattering experiments are strongly supported by macroscopic volume change measurements on the samples under similar uniaxial strain. A nearly constant nanocavitation stress sigma(onset) (25 MPa) was observed when the filler volume fraction phi(CB) was larger than 14%. This value is much higher than that predicted based on the elastic instability of small voids in an unfilled elastomer and shows only a weak dependence on the cross-linking density v(C) in heavily cross-linked samples. An energy based cavitation criterion stressing the importance of confined domains between particles or clusters of particles was adopted and found to be consistent with the observed results. The nanocavities are thought to alter the local stress state and promote local shear motion of filler particles. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|