The organochlorine pesticide toxaphene reduces non-mitochondrial respiration and induces heat shock protein 70 expression in early-staged zebrafish (Danio rerio)
| Autor: | Veronica Perez-Rodriguez, Christopher J. Martyniuk, Alejandro de la Cova, Nancy D. Denslow, Nan Wu, Jordan T. Schmidt |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Bioenergetics
Physiology Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Cell Respiration 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Biochemistry Toxaphene Superoxide dismutase Andrology 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Respiration medicine Animals HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins Pesticides Zebrafish 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences 0303 health sciences biology Cell Biology General Medicine Pesticide biology.organism_classification Hsp70 Mitochondria Oxidative Stress chemistry Larva biology.protein Oxidative stress Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicologypharmacology : CBP. 228 |
| ISSN: | 1532-0456 |
| Popis: | Toxaphene is a restricted-use pesticide produced by reacting chlorine gas with camphene. It was heavily used as a pesticide for agricultural purposes in the 1960–1970s, but despite being banned >30 years ago, it can remain elevated in the soil due to its resistance to metabolic degradation; this has led to longstanding concerns about elevated levels of toxaphene and other organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the environment. The objective of this study were to determine the effects of waterborne exposure to toxaphene on early life stages of zebrafish. Based on the LC50, zebrafish embryos were exposed to control (embryo rearing media or DMSO) or to one dose of toxaphene ranging between 0.011 and 111.1 μg/mL from 6 h post fertilization (hpf) up to 120 hpf. Significant mortality and hatch time delays were observed in embryos exposed to toxaphene (at or above 0.11 and 1.11 μg/mL, depending on the assay). Higher prevalence of deformities was noted at higher doses (≥0.011 μg/mL), and these included pericardial edema and skeletal deformities. As energy production is important for normal development, mitochondrial bioenergetics were assessed in embryos following toxaphene exposure. Embryos exposed to 11.1 or 111 μg/mL toxaphene for 24 h showed lower non-mitochondrial respiration (~30%) compared to both solvent and no treatment controls. Expression of transcripts related to oxidative damage responses and apoptosis were measured and heat shock protein 70 was significantly increased with 111 μg/mL toxaphene (14.5 fold), while the expression levels of caspase 3, caspase 9, and superoxide dismutase 1 were not changed. These data demonstrate that developmental deformities induced by toxaphene include pericardial edema and skeletal deformity, and that toxaphene can affect oxidative phosphorylation in early staged zebrafish. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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