Popis: |
Fungal endophytes are microfungi that live in plants without causing apparent symptoms of infection. The purpose of this work was to identify the endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Carpobrotus edulis collected in the Atlantic coast region of Rabat city in Morocco. The isolates were obtained from different parts of the plant (flowers, stems and leaves). A total 12 isolates were characterized and identified using molecular biology analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. 5 fungal species of endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from Carpobrotus edulis including Trichoderma asperellum, Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium radicum, Aspergillus flavus and 8 isolates represented the same fungal species Aspergillus fumigatus. The 5 fungal species isolated in the current study are reported for the first time as Carpobrotus edulis endophytes. Key words: Fungal endophytes, Carpobrotus edulis, ITS region Sequencing REFERENCES Arnold, A. E., Maynard, Z., Gilbert, G. S., Coley, P. D., Kursar, T. A. 2000. “Are tropical fungal endophytes hyperdiverse?”Ecol Lett. 3(4): 267–274. Bezerra, J.D.P., Nascimento, C. C.F., Barbosa, R. do N., da Silva, D. C.V., Svedese, V. M., Silva-Nogueira E.B., Gomes B.S., Paiva L. M., Souza-Motta C.M. 2015. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Bauhinia forficata: Diversity and biotechnological potential. Braz J Microbiol 46(1): 49-57. Carroll, G.C., Carroll, F.E. 1978. Studies on the incidence of coniferous needle endophytes in the Pacific Northwest. Can J Bot. 56: 3032-3043. Gaikwad, V. P. 2011. Studies on diversity and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi from some medicinal plants. PhD Thesis, University of Pune, Agharkar Research Institute G.G. Agarkar Road. India. Kock, I., Krohn, K., Egold, H., Draeger, S., Schulz, B., Rheinheimer, J. 2007. New Massarilactones, Massarigenin E, and Coniothyrenol, Isolated from the Endophytic Fungus Coniothyrium sp. from Carpobrotus edulis. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 13: 2186–2190. Marinho, M.R., Rodrigues-Filho, E., Moitinho, R. Santos, L.S. 2005. Biologically active polyketides produced by Penicillium janthinellum isolated as an endophytic fungus from fruits of Melia azedarach. J Brazil Chem Soci. 16: 280-283. Myrchiang, P., Dkhar, M.S., Haobam Romola Devi. 2014. Studies on endophytic fungi associated with medicinally important aromatic plant Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp. and their antagonistic activity against Phytophthora infestans. J Adv Lab Res Biol. 5: 112-119. Nalini, M. S., Sunayana, N., Prakash, H. S. 2014. Endophytic Fungal Diversity in Medicinal Plants of Western Ghats, India. Int J Biodivers. Article ID 494213, 9 pages. Patil, M.P., Patil, R.H., Maheshwari, V.L. 2015. Biological Activities and Identification of Bioactive Metabolite from Endophytic Aspergillus flavus L7 Isolated from Aegle marmelos. Curr Microbiol. 71(1):39-48. Petrini, O. 1991. Fungal endophytes of tree leaves. In: Adrews JH, Hirano SS, editors. Microbial ecology of leaves. New York: Springer-Verlag. pp-179-97. Rodriguez, R.J., White, J.F. Jr, Arnold, A.E., Redman, R.S. 2009. Fungal endophytes : diversity and functional roles. New Phytol. 182(2): 314-30. Samson, R.A., Yilmaz, N., Houbraken, J., Spierenburg, H., Seifert, K.A., Peterson, S.W., Varga, J., Frisvad, J.C. 2011. Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium. Studies in Mycology. 70: 159-183 Springfield, E. P., Amabeoku, G., Weitz, F., Mabusela, W., Johnson, Q. 2003. “An assessment of two Carpobrotus species extracts as potential antimicrobial agents”. Phytomedicine 10: 434–439. Strobel, G.A. 2002a. Microbial gifts from rain forests. Can J Plant Pathol. 24:14- 20. Strobel, G.A. 2002b Rainforest endophytes and bioactive products. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 22(4): 315- 333. Strobel, G., Daisy, B. 2003. “Bioprospecting for microbial endophytes and their natural products,” Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 67 (4): 491–502. Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., Kumar, S. 2013. MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol. 30: 2725–2729. Tan, R.X., Zou, W.X. 2001. Endophytes: A rich source of functional metabolites. Nat. Prod. Rep. 18: 448-493. Utermark, J., Karlovsky, P. 2008. Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research. Genetic transformation of filamentous fungi by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Protocol ExchangeYear published:.doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.83. Van der Watt, E., Pretorius, J.C. 2001. “Purification and Identification of Active Antibacterial Components in Car-pobrotus edulis L”. J Ethnopharmacol. 76: 87–91 Wang, H., Xu, Z., Gao, L., Hao, B. 2009. A fungal phylogeny based on 82 complete genomes using the composition vector method, BMC Evol Biol 9:195 White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., White, T.J., editors. PCR protocols: A guide to Methods and Applications. New York: Academic Press, pp- 315–322. Zhang, H.W., Song, Y.C., Tan, R.X. 2006. Biology and chemistry of endophytes. Nat Pro Rep. 23:753. Zhang, W., Krohn, K., Zia-Ullah, Flörke, U., Pescitelli, G., Di Bari, L., Antus, S., Kurtán, T., Rheinheimer, J., Draeger, S. and Schulz, B. 2008. New Mono- and Dimeric Members of the Secalonic Acid Family: Blennolides A–G Isolated from the Fungus Blennoria sp. Chem. Eur. J. 14: 4913–4923 Zhao, J., Shan, T., Mou, Y., Zhou, L. 2011. Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds Produced by Endophytic Fungi. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 11 (2): 159-168 |