Detection of the tremorgenic mycotoxin paxilline and its desoxy analog in ergot of rye and barley: a new class of mycotoxins added to an old problem
| Autor: | Heike Hausmann, Gerd Hamscher, Benedikt Cramer, Madeleine Gross, Ewald Usleber, Julia I. Bauer, Sandra Wegner |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Ergotism Indoles Stereochemistry DESOXY Food Contamination medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Biochemistry Analytical Chemistry Immunoenzyme Techniques 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Limit of Detection Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tremor medicine Food science Paxilline Mycotoxin Tremorgenic mycotoxin Toxin Alkaloid Secale 010401 analytical chemistry Hordeum Mycotoxins medicine.disease Mass spectrometric Animal Feed 0104 chemical sciences 030104 developmental biology chemistry Chromatography Liquid |
| Zdroj: | Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 409(21) |
| ISSN: | 1618-2650 |
| Popis: | A newly developed enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of the tremorgenic indole-diterpene alkaloid paxilline (PAX) and closely related analogs was used to analyze ergot sclerotia collected from rye and barley fields. The mean EIA standard curve detection limit was 0.47 ± 0.14 ng/mL; relative cross-reactivity of toxin standard solutions was found for 11-hydroxy-paspaline (terpendole E, 1.1%) but not for lolitrem B or ergot alkaloids. Sclerotia from all fields were positive in the PAX-EIA at concentration levels of 620 ± 200 and 160 ± 37 μg/kg in ergot of rye and 130 ± 47 μg/kg in ergot of barley. Confirmatory analyses of sclerotia by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric detection identified PAX and its analog 13-desoxypaxilline. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the natural occurrence of tremorgenic indole-diterpene alkaloid mycotoxins in ergot sclerotia from rye and barley. Along with details on the analytical methodology developed in this study, particularly PAX-antibody production, the relevance and implications of these findings for food and feed safety are discussed. Presence or absence of elevated levels of tremorgenic mycotoxins, along with the ergot alkaloids, would help in explaining the difference between the two distinct manifestations of historic ergotism, the convulsive and the gangrenous form. Further method development for paxilline and other tremorgenic mycotoxins in cereals used for food and feed is a prerequisite for a comprehensive risk assessment, which seems to be necessary in light of the findings reported here. Paxilline in ergot of rye. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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