Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma
| Autor: | Zsolt István Komlósi, Gergő Szűcs, Willem van de Veen, Nóra Kovács, Cezmi A. Akdis, Milena Sokolowska, Mübeccel Akdis, Liam O'Mahony |
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| Přispěvatelé: | University of Zurich, Komlósi, Zsolt I |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
1303 Biochemistry
Clinical Biochemistry 610 Medicine & health Inflammation Stimulation Disease 1308 Clinical Biochemistry Biochemistry Type 2 immune response 10183 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research 1312 Molecular Biology medicine Humans Lymphocytes Young adult Child Molecular Biology Asthma business.industry Innate lymphoid cell General Medicine medicine.disease Immunity Innate Epithelium medicine.anatomical_structure 1313 Molecular Medicine Immunology Cytokines Molecular Medicine medicine.symptom business |
| Zdroj: | Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 85:100995 |
| ISSN: | 0098-2997 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100995 |
| Popis: | Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease in children, affecting at least 30 million children and young adults in Europe. Asthma is a complex, partially heritable disease with a marked heterogeneity. Its development is influenced both by genetic and environmental factors. The most common, as well as the most well characterized subtype of asthma is allergic eosinophilic asthma, which is characterized by a type 2 airway inflammation. The prevalence of asthma has substantially increased in industrialized countries during the last 60 years. The mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are incompletely understood, however increased exposure to various environmental pollutants probably plays a role. Disease inception is thought to be enabled by a disadvantageous shift in the balance between protective and harmful lifestyle and environmental factors, including exposure to protective commensal microbes versus infection with pathogens, collectively leading to airway epithelial cell damage and disrupted barrier integrity. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines are one of the main drivers of the type 2 immune response against innocuous allergens, ultimately leading to infiltration of lung tissue with type 2 T helper (TH2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), M2 macrophages and eosinophils. This review outlines the mechanisms responsible for the orchestration of type 2 inflammation and summarizes the novel findings, including but not limited to dysregulated epithelial barrier integrity, alarmin release and innate lymphoid cell stimulation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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