Childhood-only epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures: A well-defined epileptic syndrome
| Autor: | Ricardo Caballero, Lucas Beltran, Agustin Calvo, Sebastián Silva, Roberto Caraballo |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Clobazam Adolescent Neurological examination Electroencephalography 03 medical and health sciences Epilepsy 0302 clinical medicine Seizures medicine Humans Longitudinal Studies Age of Onset Child Retrospective Studies Psychomotor learning Valproic Acid Language Disorders medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Seizure types medicine.disease 030104 developmental biology Neurology Child Preschool Anticonvulsants Female Neurology (clinical) Levetiracetam business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Epilepsy research. 153 |
| ISSN: | 1872-6844 |
| Popis: | Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze patients whose only manifestation of epilepsy were generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) during childhood and discuss its validity as separate syndrome of childhood. Methods We included children with at least two unprovoked GTCS between 3 and 11 years of age, no other seizure types at diagnosis, normal psychomotor development and neurological examination, an EEG with normal background and paroxysms of generalized spikes and waves with a frequency 2.5 Hz or above, and an unknown cause for epilepsy. Only patients with a follow-up >2 years were included. Results Over a 12-year period (2005–2017) 26 patients met the inclusion criteria of epilepsy with GTCS only. Mean age at onset was 5 years. The seizures occurred while awake in 16 patients, on awakening in two, and during sleep in eight patients. The duration of seizures was around 3 min. Generalized spike-and-wave discharges were observed in all patients when awake and during sleep in eight and 26 patients, respectively. Nineteen responded well to valproic acid or levetiracetam. Two patients who received clobazam initially did not respond well; however, a switch to valproic acid resulted in excellent seizure control. Antiepileptic treatment was discontinued in sixteen patients who remained seizure free over a period of 2–9 years of follow-up. Conclusion Epilepsy with GTCS alone in childhood is a type of epilepsy; however, it may be considered as a well-defined epileptic syndrome. Patients responded well to valproic acid or levetiracetam. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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