New subtypes of allele-specific epigenetic effects: implications for brain development, function and disease
| Autor: | Stephanie N Kravitz, Christopher Gregg |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Genetics General Neuroscience Brain Biology Phenotype Genome X-inactivation Article Epigenesis Genetic 03 medical and health sciences Genomic Imprinting 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine X Chromosome Inactivation Epigenetics Allele Genomic imprinting Neuroscience Gene 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Alleles Epigenesis |
| Zdroj: | Curr Opin Neurobiol |
| Popis: | Typically, it is assumed that the maternal and paternal alleles for most genes are equally expressed. Known exceptions include canonical imprinted genes, random X-chromosome inactivation, olfactory receptors and clustered protocadherins. Here, we highlight recent studies showing that allele-specific expression is frequent in the genome and involves subtypes of epigenetic allelic effects that differ in terms of heritability, clonality and stability over time. Different forms of epigenetic allele regulation could have different roles in brain development, function, and disease. An emerging area involves understanding allelic effects in a cell-type and developmental stage-specific manner and determining how these effects influence the impact of genetic variants and mutations on the brain. A deeper understanding of epigenetics at the allele and cellular level in the brain could help clarify the mechanisms underlying phenotypic variance. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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