The effects of visceral obesity and androgens on bone: trenbolone protects against loss of femoral bone mineral density and structural strength in viscerally obese and testosterone-deficient male rats
| Autor: | E. F. Du Toit, D. Donner, Grace E. Elliott, Belinda R. Beck, Mark R. Forwood |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male medicine.medical_specialty Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism medicine.medical_treatment Osteoporosis Drug Evaluation Preclinical Adipose tissue 030209 endocrinology & metabolism 03 medical and health sciences Random Allocation 0302 clinical medicine Absorptiometry Photon Anabolic Agents Trenbolone Bone Density Risk Factors Internal medicine Androgen deficiency Medicine Animals Testosterone Orchiectomy Femur Rats Wistar Bone mineral Bone Density Conservation Agents business.industry medicine.disease Biomechanical Phenomena Diet Disease Models Animal 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology Obesity Abdominal Body Composition Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Trenbolone Acetate Androgen replacement therapy business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 27(3) |
| ISSN: | 1433-2965 |
| Popis: | In males, visceral obesity and androgen deficiency often present together and result in harmful effects on bone. Our findings show that both factors are independently associated with adverse effects on femoral bone structure and strength, and trenbolone protects rats from diet-induced visceral obesity and consequently normalises femoral bone structural strength. In light of the rapidly increasing incidence of obesity and osteoporosis globally, and recent conjecture regarding the effects of visceral adiposity and testosterone deficiency on bone health, we investigated the effects of increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass on femoral bone mineral density (BMD), structure and strength in normal weight rats with testosterone deficiency. Male Wistar rats (n = 50) were fed either standard rat chow (CTRL, n = 10) or a high-fat/high-sugar diet (HF/HS, n = 40). Following 8 weeks of feeding, rats underwent sham surgery (CTRL, n = 10; HF/HS, n = 10) or orchiectomy (HF/HS + ORX, n = 30). Following a 4-week recovery period, mini-osmotic pumps containing either vehicle (CTRL, n = 10; HF/HS, n = 10; HF/HS + ORX, n = 10), 2.0 mg kg day−1, testosterone (HF/HS + ORX + TEST, n = 10) or 2.0 mg kg day−1 trenbolone (HF/HS + ORX + TREN, n = 10) were implanted for 8 weeks of treatment. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and three-point bending tests were used to assess bone mass, structure and strength of femora. Diet-induced visceral obesity resulted in decreased bone mineral area (BMA) and content (BMC) and impaired femoral stiffness and strength. Orchiectomy further impaired BMA, BMC and BMD and reduced energy to failure in viscerally obese animals. Both TEST and TREN treatment restored BMA, BMC, BMD and energy to failure. Only TREN reduced visceral adiposity and improved femoral stiffness and strength. Findings support a role for both visceral adiposity and testosterone deficiency as independent risk factors for femoral osteoporosis, adverse bone geometry and impaired bone strength in male rats. Trenbolone may be a more effective candidate for androgen replacement therapy than testosterone in viscerally obese testosterone-deficient males. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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