Pathogenic role of autoantibodies against inhibitory synapses
| Autor: | Knut Kirmse, Harald Prüss |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_treatment Synaptic Transmission 0302 clinical medicine Receptors Glycine GABA receptor methods [Neuropsychiatry] Glycine receptor amphiphysin Neurons Neurotransmitter Agents Movement Disorders biology General Neuroscience metabolism [Receptors Glycine] Neuropsychiatry Phenotype metabolism [Receptors GABA] metabolism [Neurons] metabolism [Autoantibodies] Antibody metabolism [Epilepsy] Nerve Tissue Proteins Inhibitory postsynaptic potential 03 medical and health sciences Receptors GABA medicine Animals Humans ddc:610 Molecular Biology Autoantibodies immunology [Synapses] Epilepsy metabolism [Nerve Tissue Proteins] metabolism [Movement Disorders] Autoantibody physiology [Autoantibodies] Immunotherapy metabolism [Synapses] immunology [Synaptic Transmission] Immunity Humoral 030104 developmental biology physiology [Synaptic Transmission] Synapses Amphiphysin biology.protein Neurology (clinical) physiology [Immunity Humoral] Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | Brain research 1701, 146-152 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.009 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.009 |
| Popis: | Diverse neuropsychiatric diseases were recently linked to specific anti-neuronal autoantibodies targeting synaptic proteins. Symptoms can range from epileptic seizures to cognitive impairment to movement disorders, commonly responding to treatment with immunotherapy. Several of these autoantibodies target inhibitory synapses that use GABA or glycine as neurotransmitters. Despite their relatively low abundance, inhibitory neurons are extraordinarily diverse in anatomical, electrophysiological and molecular terms, reflecting the variable clinical phenotypes of affected patients. Indeed, data on the antibody effects in neuronal cultures or animals models suggest that most of these antibodies are directly pathogenic by down-regulating synaptic proteins, activating complement or antagonizing ligand binding. The present review summarizes the current achievements in the field of humoral autoimmunity related to inhibitory networks, state-of-the-art diagnostics and clinical characterization of patients. In many instances, the phenotypic spectrum of patients with GABA receptor, glycine receptor, amphiphysin or GAD65 antibodies mirror the experimental findings, suggesting that ongoing work will markedly contribute to the better understanding of pathophysiology in this exciting patient group and might pave the way for disease-specific immunotherapy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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