Use of a Cholera Rapid Diagnostic Test during a Mass Vaccination Campaign in Response to an Epidemic in Guinea, 2012

Autor: Francisco J. Luquero, Keita Sakoba, Souleymane Sylla, Melatwork Haile, Anne Laure Page, Marie Laure Quilici, Iza Ciglenecki, Rebecca F. Grais, Isabel Martinez-Pino
Přispěvatelé: European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Stockholm, Sweden] (ECDC), Epicentre [Paris] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Direction préfectorale de la Santé, Forécariah Préfecture, Operational Center Geneva, Médecins sans Frontière Conakry, MSF Genève, Centre National de Référence des Vibrions et du Choléra - National Reference Center Vibrios and Cholera (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2013
Předmět:
Male
Pediatrics
Time Factors
medicine.disease_cause
Feces
0302 clinical medicine
Cholera
Child
Aged
80 and over
0303 health sciences
Rapid diagnostic test
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine
Vibrio cholerae O1
Middle Aged
Immunizations
3. Good health
Vaccination
Infectious Diseases
Vibrio cholerae
Child
Preschool
Cohort
Medicine
Female
Public Health
Research Article
Test Evaluation
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Adolescent
lcsh:RC955-962
030231 tropical medicine
Context (language use)
Mass Vaccination
Vibrio cholerae O139
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
Diagnostic Medicine
medicine
Humans
Epidemics
Aged
030306 microbiology
business.industry
Diagnostic Tests
Routine
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Outbreak
lcsh:RA1-1270
Cholera Vaccines
medicine.disease
Immunology
[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Guinea
Cholera vaccine
business
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 7, Iss 8, p e2366 (2013)
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2013, 7 (8), pp.e2366. ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0002366⟩
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, 2013, 7 (8), pp.e2366. ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0002366⟩
ISSN: 1935-2735
1935-2727
Popis: Background During the 2012 cholera outbreak in the Republic of Guinea, the Ministry of Health, supported by Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Center Geneva, used the oral cholera vaccine Shanchol as a part of the emergency response. The rapid diagnostic test (RDT) Crystal VC, widely used during outbreaks, detects lipopolysaccharide antigens of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, both included in Shanchol. In the context of reactive use of a whole-cell cholera vaccine in a region where cholera cases have been reported, it is essential to know what proportion of vaccinated individuals would be reactive to the RDT and for how long after vaccination. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of 108 vaccinated individuals, selected systematically among all persons older than one year, were included at vaccination sites and 106 were included in the analysis. Stools samples of this cohort of vaccinated participants were collected and tested with the RDT every day until the test was negative for two consecutive visits or for a maximum of 7 days. A total of 94.3% of cholera vaccine recipients had a positive test after vaccination; all except one of these positive results were reactive only with the O139 antigen. The mean time to become negative in those with an initial positive result after vaccination was 3.8 days, standard deviation 1.1 days. Conclusions/Significance The RDT Crystal VC becomes positive in persons recently vaccinated against cholera, although almost exclusively to the O139 antigen. This reactivity largely disappeared within five days after vaccination. These results suggest that the test can be used normally as soon as 24 hours after vaccination in a context of O1 epidemics, which represent the vast majority of cases, and after a period of five days in areas where V. cholerae O139 is present. The reason why only O139 test line became positive remains to be investigated.
Author Summary The rapid diagnostic test (RDT) Crystal VC detects lipopolysaccharide antigens from V. cholerae O1 and O139 in stool samples, which are also present in the oral cholera vaccine Shanchol. It is important to take into consideration the possibility of a positive result to the RDT due to vaccination and not to cholera in recently vaccinated individuals. During a large mass cholera vaccination campaign in Kabak (Guinea) in 2012, we conducted a study to estimate the proportion of positive results to the RDT in recipients of the oral cholera vaccine at different time points after vaccination. The results of this study show that ingestion of the cholera vaccine led to a positive RDT, although almost exclusively to the O139 antigen, in the majority of vaccinated people. From the fifth day after vaccination, only a small minority of vaccinated individuals remained positive for the RDT and none of the specimens tested the seventh day of follow-up were positive. Our findings provide the first data on the use of the RDT Crystal VC in vaccinated people. This test should be used carefully during the first week after reactive mass oral cholera vaccination campaigns in areas where V. cholerae O139 is present.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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