Prevalence of urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis among school children in South-west Nigeria

Autor: Akeem A. Akindele, Bolaji N. Thomas, Adedolapo B. Olorunfemi, Samuel A. Adedokun, Olusola Ojurongbe, Olawumi A. Otutu, Taiwo Adetola Ojurongbe, Johnson A Ojo, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Male
Veterinary medicine
Schistosoma Mansoni
Intestinal schistosomiasis
Physiology
Eggs
RC955-962
Social Sciences
Urine
Praziquantel
Feces
0302 clinical medicine
Medical Conditions
Sociology
Reproductive Physiology
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Prevalence
Medicine and Health Sciences
Schistosomiasis
030212 general & internal medicine
Child
Schistosoma haematobium
Anthelmintics
Schools
biology
Eukaryota
Body Fluids
Infectious Diseases
Helminth Infections
Schistosoma
Female
Schistosoma mansoni
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Anatomy
medicine.drug
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Adolescent
030231 tropical medicine
Nigeria
Education
03 medical and health sciences
Schistosomicides
Helminths
parasitic diseases
medicine
Parasitic Diseases
Humans
Animals
Genitourinary system
business.industry
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Tropical Diseases
Invertebrates
Schistosoma Haematobium
Health Care
Health Statistics
Morbidity
business
Zoology
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e0009628 (2021)
ISSN: 1935-2735
Popis: Background The risk of co-infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni and the potential harmful effect on morbidity and control is enhanced by the overlapping distribution of both species in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the reported high endemicity of both species in Nigeria, studies on the spread and effect of their mixed infection are limited. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among school children in two communities in South-west Nigeria to investigate the prevalence of mixed human schistosome infection, intensity, and possible ectopic egg elimination. Methods Urine and stool samples were collected from consenting school children in Ilie and Ore communities of Osun State, Nigeria. Schistosoma haematobium eggs were detected in urine using the urine filtration technique, while S. mansoni eggs were detected in stool using the Kato–Katz thick smear technique. Results The study enrolled 466 primary and secondary school children (211; 45.3% males vs. 255; 54.7% females; mean age 11.6 ± 3.16 years). The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 40% (185/466), with 19% (89/466) recording single S. haematobium infection while 9% (41/465) had a single S. mansoni infection. The geometric mean egg count for S. haematobium was 189.4 egg/10ml urine; 95% CI: range 115.9–262.9, while for S. mansoni, it was 115.7 epg; 95% CI: range 78.4–152.9. The prevalence of ectopic S mansoni (S. mansoni eggs in urine) was 4.7%, while no ectopic S. haematobium (S. haematobium eggs in stool) was recorded. Mixed infection of S. haematobium/S. mansoni had a prevalence of 9.5% (44/466). More females (54.5%) presented with S. haematobium/S. mansoni co-infection. For both parasites, males had higher infection intensity, with a significant difference observed with S. haematobium (p = 0.0004). Hematuria was significant in individuals with single S. haematobium infection (p = 0.002), mixed ectopic S. haematobium/S. mansoni (p = 0.009) and mixed S. haematobium/S. mansoni/ectopic S. mansoni (p = 0.0003). Conclusions These findings suggest the probability of interspecific interactions between S. haematobium and S. mansoni. Scaling up of mass administration of praziquantel and control measures in the study areas is highly desirable.
Author summary In sub-Saharan Africa, human schistosomiasis is a neglected disease of public health concern caused mostly by Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni. The overlapping range of both species in Africa considerably increases the chance of co-infection. School-aged children are the most vulnerable, as they participate in water contact activities that expose them to free-swimming cercariae released by infected snail species in freshwater. This study examined the probable mixed human Schistosoma infections and associated disease variables in school children in the communities of Ilie and Ore in southwest Nigeria. This study reveals a high prevalence of mixed S. haematobium and S. mansoni, and ectopic S. mansoni eggs (S. mansoni eggs in urine) elimination, highlighting the possible ongoing control challenges in this area. Furthermore, this study indicates that some form of inter-specific interaction exists between S. haematobium and S. mansoni, and may produce potentially significant consequences for developing morbidity in the study areas.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: