Cytosolic detection of phagosomal bacteria-Mechanisms underlying PAMP exodus from the phagosome into the cytosol
| Autor: | Stephanie A Ragland, Jonathan C. Kagan |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Host cell cytosol
Innate immune system Bacteria animal diseases Phagocytosis Pathogen-associated molecular pattern Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules Pattern recognition receptor Caspase-11 Bacterial Infections Biology Microbiology Article Cell biology Cytosol Phagosomes Receptors Pattern Recognition Macrophage Animals Humans Molecular Biology Phagosome |
| Zdroj: | Mol Microbiol |
| ISSN: | 1365-2958 |
| Popis: | The metazoan innate immune system senses bacterial infections by detecting highly conserved bacterial molecules, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMPs are detected by a variety of host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), whose function is to coordinate downstream immune responses. PRR activities are, in part, regulated by their subcellular localizations. Accordingly, professional phagocytes can detect extracellular bacteria and their PAMPs via plasma membrane-oriented PRRs. Conversely, phagocytosed bacteria and their PAMPs are detected by transmembrane PRRs oriented towards the phagosomal lumen. Even though PAMPs are unable to passively diffuse across membranes, phagocytosed bacteria are also detected by PRRs localized within the host cell cytosol. This phenomenon is explained upon phagocytosis of bacteria that specialize in phagosomal escape and cytosolic residence. Contrary to this cytosolic lifestyle, most bacteria studied to date spend their entire intracellular lifestyle contained within phagosomes, yet they also stimulate cytosolic PRRs. Herein, we will review our current understanding for how phagosomal PAMPs become accessible to cytosolic PRRs, as well as highlight knowledge gaps that should inspire future investigations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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