In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Methods for Assessment of Muscle Size and Muscle Growth Regulation
| Autor: | Daenique H A Jengelley, Teresa A. Zimmers, Joseph E. Rupert |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
muscle atrophy
phenotyping genotype Cell Culture Techniques Skeletal muscle Inflammation 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Carbohydrate metabolism Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Bioinformatics Models Biological Cachexia Muscle hypertrophy methods Sepsis 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Atrophy medicine Humans Computer Simulation muscle hypertrophy Muscle Skeletal gene transfer business.industry myoblasts 030208 emergency & critical care medicine Methodological Aspects medicine.disease medicine.anatomical_structure Sarcopenia Emergency Medicine Wounds and Injuries C2C12 myogenesis medicine.symptom business |
| Zdroj: | Shock (Augusta, Ga.) |
| ISSN: | 1540-0514 |
| Popis: | Trauma, burn injury, sepsis, and ischemia lead to acute and chronic loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Healthy muscle is essential for eating, posture, respiration, reproduction, and mobility, as well as for appropriate function of the senses including taste, vision, and hearing. Beyond providing support and contraction, skeletal muscle also exerts essential roles in temperature regulation, metabolism, and overall health. As the primary reservoir for amino acids, skeletal muscle regulates whole-body protein and glucose metabolism by providing substrate for protein synthesis and supporting hepatic gluconeogenesis during illness and starvation. Overall, greater muscle mass is linked to greater insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal, strength, power, and longevity. In contrast, low muscle mass correlates with dysmetabolism, dysmobility, and poor survival. Muscle mass is highly plastic, appropriate to its role as reservoir, and subject to striking genetic control. Defining mechanisms of muscle growth regulation holds significant promise to find interventions that promote health and diminish morbidity and mortality after trauma, sepsis, inflammation, and other systemic insults. In this invited review, we summarize techniques and methods to assess and manipulate muscle size and muscle mass in experimental systems, including cell culture and rodent models. These approaches have utility for studies of myopenia, sarcopenia, cachexia, and acute muscle growth or atrophy in the setting of health or injury. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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