Optical I/O Technology for Tera-Scale Computing
| Autor: | Bruce A. Block, Miriam Reshotko, Peter L. D. Chang, Jason T.-S. Liao, Ian A. Young, Samuel Palermo, Alexandra M. Kern, Edris M. Mohammed |
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| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Scale (ratio) business.industry Optical interconnect Electrical engineering Optical ring resonators Integrated circuit Waveguide (optics) law.invention Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser Optical modulator Electrical interconnect CMOS law Wavelength-division multiplexing Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS Optoelectronics Electrical and Electronic Engineering Photonics Tera business |
| Zdroj: | ISSCC |
| ISSN: | 1558-173X 0018-9200 |
| DOI: | 10.1109/jssc.2009.2034444 |
| Popis: | This paper describes both a near term and a long term optical interconnect solution, the first based on a packaging architecture and the second based on a monolithic photonic CMOS architecture. The packaging-based optical I/O architecture implemented with 90 nm CMOS transceiver circuits, 1 × 12 VCSEL/detector arrays and polymer waveguides achieves 10 Gb/s/channel at 11 pJ/b. A simple TX pre-emphasis technique enables a potential 18 Gb/s at 9.6 pJ/b link efficiency. Analysis predicts this architecture to reach less than 1 pJ/b at the 16 nm CMOS technology node. A photonic CMOS process enables higher bandwidth and lower energy-per-bit for chip-to-chip optical I/O through integration of electro-optical polymer based modulators, silicon nitride waveguides and polycrystalline germanium (Ge) detectors into a CMOS logic process. Experimental results for the photonic CMOS ring resonator modulators and Ge detectors demonstrate performance above 20 Gb/s and analysis predicts that photonic CMOS will eventually enable energy efficiency better than 0.3 pJ/b with 16 nm CMOS. Optical interconnect technologies such as these using multi-lane communication or wavelength division multiplexing have the potential to achieve TB/s interconnect and enable platforms suitable for the tera-scale computing era. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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