Population-based case-control investigation of risk factors for leptospirosis during an urban epidemic
| Autor: | Itamar Grunstein, Urmimala Sarkar, Juarez Pereira Dias, Brendan Flannery, Ippolytos Kalafanos, Rosan Barbosa, Ippolytos Kalofonos, Lee W. Riley, Simone F. Nascimento, Hector Leal Nuevo, R. Martins, Albert I. Ko, Mitermayer G. Reis |
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| Rok vydání: | 2002 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Employment Male Disease reservoir Adolescent Urban Population Population Disease Outbreaks Reference Values Risk Factors Environmental protection Virology Environmental health medicine Animals Humans Leptospirosis Sanitation Risk factor education Disease Reservoirs education.field_of_study business.industry Incidence (epidemiology) Case-control study Odds ratio medicine.disease Confidence interval Rats Infectious Diseases Case-Control Studies Female Parasitology Seasons business Brazil |
| Zdroj: | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 66:605-610 |
| ISSN: | 1476-1645 0002-9637 |
| DOI: | 10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.605 |
| Popis: | Between March and October 2000, 157 suspected cases of leptospirosis hospitalized with complications of Weil's syndrome and a mortality of 8% were identified in Salvador, Brazil. We conducted a population-based case-control study to identify risk factors for acquisition of leptospirosis in neighborhoods with high endemicity during the rainy season-associated urban epidemic. Sixty-six (65%) of 101 laboratory-confirmed cases and 125 age and sex-matched healthy neighborhood controls were interviewed. Residence in proximity to an open sewer (matched odds ratio [OR] = 5.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.80-14.74), peri-domiciliary sighting of rats (OR = 4.49, 95% CI = 1.57-12.83), sighting groups of five or more rats (OR = 3.90, 95% CI = 1.35-11.27), and workplace exposure to contaminated environmental sources (OR = 3.71, 95% CI = 1.35-10.17) were found to be independent risk factors for acquiring disease. Some of these risk factors are amenable to focused interventions, which include provision of closed drainage systems for sewage and reduction of rodent populations in the peri-domicilary environment. Environmental control of transmission may help to greatly reduce the incidence of severe leptospirosis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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