Kohl (surma): a toxic traditional eye cosmetic study in Saudi Arabia

Autor:	M. Aslam, R.M Al-Ashban, A.H Shah
Rok vydání:	2004
Předmět:	Antimony Traditional medicine business.industry education Saudi Arabia Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Cosmetics General Medicine Eye Eye cosmetic Lead Low haemoglobin Aluminum - blood Humans Medicine Lead blood Health risk business Aluminum Public awareness
Zdroj:	Public Health. 118:292-298
ISSN:	0033-3506
DOI:	10.1016/j.puhe.2003.05.001
Popis:	The use of kohl (surma) as eyeliner is a popular practice in Saudi Arabia and people firmly believe that it is safe to use. A total of 107 kohl samples (branded and unbranded) were collected from different regions of Saudi Arabia, and analysed for the presence of lead. In addition, aluminium and antimony levels were also determined. Lead levels up to 53% were detected in some kohl preparations, and some samples were found to contain camphor and menthol. The blood analyses of regular kohl users revealed a high lead concentration and relatively low haemoglobin levels. Due to the health risk, an official public awareness campaign is suggested to encourage the use of lead-free kohl.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::aa67eeedfc4f2b1d0e185c862b3e163e https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2003.05.001 Zobrazit plný text záznamu Full Text from ScienceDirect