Airborne engineered nanomaterials in the workplace-a review of release and worker exposure during nanomaterial production and handling processes
| Autor: | Iñigo Larraza Alvarez, Urszula Mikołajczyk, Simon Clavaguera, Michael Riediker, Yaobo Ding, Martie van Tongeren, Ilse Tuinman, Heinz Kaminski, Carmen Nickel, Wendel Wohlleben, Jessica Meyer, Thomas A. J. Kuhlbusch, Rui Chen, Burkhard Stahlmecke, Araceli Sánchez Jiménez |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Engineering
Environmental Engineering Process (engineering) Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Engineered nanomaterials Air Pollutants Occupational 010501 environmental sciences Risk Assessment 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Occupational Exposure Humans Industry Environmental Chemistry Contextual information Production (economics) Workplace Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Exposure assessment business.industry Environmental engineering Workplace safety Physik (inkl. Astronomie) 030210 environmental & occupational health Pollution Nanostructures Risk analysis (engineering) Occupational exposure business Risk assessment |
| Popis: | For exposure and risk assessment in occupational settings involving engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), it is important to understand the mechanisms of release and how they are influenced by the ENM, the matrix material, and process characteristics. This review summarizes studies providing ENM release information in occupational settings, during different industrial activities and using various nanomaterials. It also assesses the contextual information - such as the amounts of materials handled, protective measures, and measurement strategies - to understand which release scenarios can result in exposure. High-energy processes such as synthesis, spraying, and machining were associated with the release of large numbers of predominantly small-sized particles. Low-energy processes, including laboratory handling, cleaning, and industrial bagging activities, usually resulted in slight or moderate releases of relatively large agglomerates. The present analysis suggests that process-based release potential can be ranked, thus helping to prioritize release assessments, which is useful for tiered exposure assessment approaches and for guiding the implementation of workplace safety strategies. The contextual information provided in the literature was often insufficient to directly link release to exposure. The studies that did allow an analysis suggested that significant worker exposure might mainly occur when engineering safeguards and personal protection strategies were not carried out as recommended. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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