Conservation tillage and organic farming induce minor variations in Pseudomonas abundance, their antimicrobial function and soil disease resistance

Autor: Monika Maurhofer, Raphaël Wittwer, Theo H. M. Smits, Nicola Imperiali, Cornelia Staub, Francesca Dennert, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Christoph Keel, Jana Schneider, Tao Zhang, Titouan Laessle, Klaus Schlaeppi
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Farms
Pythium
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Microbiology
Plant Roots
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Soil
Pseudomonas
RNA
Ribosomal
16S
Antibiosis
FAST
2
4-diacetylphloroglucinol
Cropping system
577: Ökologie
Soil Microbiology
Triticum
Disease Resistance
Plant Diseases
Gaeumannomyces tritici
Organic Agriculture
Ecology
biology
Antiparasitic Agents
Microbiota
Root microbiome
Soil chemistry
food and beverages
Antibiosis/physiology
Antiparasitic Agents/metabolism
Disease Resistance/physiology
Organic Agriculture/methods
Plant Diseases/parasitology
Plant Diseases/prevention & control
Plant Roots/microbiology
Pseudomonas/genetics
Pseudomonas/isolation & purification
Pseudomonas/metabolism
Pythium/drug effects
RNA
Ribosomal
16S/genetics
Soil/chemistry
Triticum/microbiology
Triticum/parasitology
Pythium ultimum
570: Biologie
biology.organism_classification
Tillage
030104 developmental biology
Soil structure
chemistry
Agronomy
2
4-Diacetylphloroglucinol
Phenazines
Soil microbiology
Pyrrolnitrin
Zdroj: FEMS microbiology ecology, vol. 94, no. 8, pp. 1
Popis: Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)
Conservation tillage and organic farming are strategies used worldwide to preserve the stability and fertility of soils. While positive effects on soil structure have been extensively reported, the effects on specific root- and soil-associated microorganisms are less known. The aim of this study was to investigate how conservation tillage and organic farming influence the frequency and activity of plant-beneficial pseudomonads. Amplicon sequencing using the 16S rRNA gene revealed that Pseudomonas is among the most abundant bacterial taxa in the root microbiome of field-grown wheat, independent of agronomical practices. However, pseudomonads carrying genes required for the biosynthesis of specific antimicrobial compounds were enriched in samples from conventionally farmed plots without tillage. In contrast, disease resistance tests indicated that soil from conventional no tillage plots is less resistant to the soilborne pathogen Pythium ultimum compared to soil from organic reduced tillage plots, which exhibited the highest resistance of all compared cropping systems. Reporter strain-based gene expression assays did not reveal any differences in Pseudomonas antimicrobial gene expression between soils from different cropping systems. Our results suggest that plant-beneficial pseudomonads can be favoured by certain soil cropping systems, but soil resistance against plant diseases is likely determined by a multitude of biotic factors in addition to Pseudomonas.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: