Toxic and Essential Elements in Rice and Other Grains from the United States and Other Countries
| Autor: | Syprose Nyachoti, Nati Phan, Laura C. Scott, Frederick O. Okwori, Mom TatahMentan, Tewodros Rango Godebo, Nedaa Felemban |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis India lcsh:Medicine chemistry.chemical_element 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Article 03 medical and health sciences Animal science washed/unwashed rice Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Arsenic 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences 0303 health sciences Cadmium toxic and essential elements lcsh:R Food Packaging Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health United States and other countries food and beverages Oryza rice and other grains Thailand United States Italy chemistry White rice Brown rice |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 8128, p 8128 (2020) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 17 Issue 21 |
| ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph17218128 |
| Popis: | We determined the concentrations of toxic and essential elements in rice and other grains (lentils, barleys, beans, oats, wheat, and peas) grown in the United States (US) and other countries using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS). Results showed that median concentrations (in µ g/kg) for toxic elements in white rice from the US were 131, 2.8, and 6.5 for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), respectively. White rice from Thailand, India, and Italy showed higher median toxic elements concentrations (in µ g/kg) of 155 for As, 3.6 for Pb, and 8.4 for Cd, than for white rice from the US. Brown rice from the US showed median concentrations (in µ g/kg) of 217 (As), 4.5 (Pb), and 17.4 (Cd) while other grains showed median concentrations (in µ g/kg) of 5.4, 4.6, and 6.7 for these elements, respectively. None of the samples exceeded the codex standards set for Pb (200 &mu g/kg in cereals and pulses) and Cd (100 &mu g/kg in cereals/pulses and 400 &mu g/kg in polished rice). However, brown rice and one white rice sample did exceed the codex standard for As (200 &mu g/kg). Essential elements were higher in other grains than in white and brown rice. These findings suggest that alternating or coupling rice with other grains in one&rsquo s diet could reduce exposure to toxic metals while providing more essential elements to rice diet. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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