CuRbanIsME: A Photographic Self-Analysis to Evaluate the Likelihood of the Occurrence of Predatory Crimes in Downtown Hamburg
| Autor: | Romina Fucà, Serena Cubico |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Luhmann’s systemic perspective
Geography Planning and Development TJ807-830 Tobler’s law as an extension of Fotheringham et al Management Monitoring Policy and Law Criminology TD194-195 focal points calculation of the likelihood of occurrence of predatory crimes transformation of imaginative ideation into quantitative metrics photographic methods Renewable energy sources elements of probability 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences GE1-350 Sociology elements of spatial knowledge of geometry 0505 law Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Downtown 05 social sciences Perspective (graphical) Offensive behavioral self-investigation Incivility Environmental sciences Transformative learning Public property Random Movement–displacement Agent (RMDA) 050501 criminology Triangulation (psychology) Construct (philosophy) 050104 developmental & child psychology |
| Zdroj: | Sustainability Volume 12 Issue 19 Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 7859, p 7859 (2020) |
| Popis: | In this study, a triangulation of (a) spatial data, (b) self-awareness, and (c) behavioral self-analysis seeks to provide an explanation from an innovative perspective for the likelihood of the occurrence of predatory crimes in the city center. This study does not examine the circumstances in which criminal acts occur. Instead, it focuses on a broader concept that combines both the configurational factors and the behavioral interconnections in which criminal acts occur. We orient the occurrence probability of crime towards appropriate objectives in the presence or absence of attractors/detractors, with interesting variation in the behavior of the acting subject&mdash in our case, a random walker (also called the Random Movement&ndash displacement Agent, or RDMA, in the text), which is the key variable that triggers the occurrence probability of predatory crimes. The relationship between spatial and/or behavioral observations and the probability of the crimes that may result from such observations is limited in this text to &ldquo predatory crimes,&rdquo which are the most common and light forms of crimes that endanger both human quality of life and the related safety in the city. Such crimes include theft, damage (specifically crime against public property and all similar offensive acts, such as littering and incivility), physical attacks (restrained to attempted violence against defenseless people), robberies, and car thefts (i.e., the most frequent crimes in urban areas). The theory of complexity, specifically as illustrated by the in-depth work of the 20th century German sociologist Niklas Luhmann, also suggests the importance of self-analysis in specific contexts to construct a mosaic of social phenomena. We conducted both a behavioral self-survey and a metric-based self-analysis by measuring random walks (RWs) to achieve some common behaviors&mdash for example, buying food, shopping, or just looking at shop windows&mdash on the streets of downtown Hamburg, Germany. RWs are used in our article to indicate random walks in the city center and any activities that may arise from them, such as protecting oneself from potentially hostile contexts, seeking information, or conforming oneself to official signals and customs. The hundreds of images taken by us in October 2019 during their RWs in Hamburg form a reservoir of our pictures, with the aim of showing the acceptable patterns of random movements&ndash displacements that emerge. This method was primarily discursive but based on the ongoing search for a transformative conduit of behaviors that were intuitively established and observable for us but actually involved a complex process of imaginative ideation that was impossible to promote and pass on to the reader. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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