The origins of dengue and chikungunya viruses in Ecuador following increased migration from Venezuela and Colombia

Autor: Irina Maljkovic Berry, Rachel Sippy, Katherine Figueroa, Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra, Efraín Beltrán-Ayala, Richard G. Jarman, Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt, Sadie J. Ryan, Timothy P. Endy, Abhinaya Srikanth
Přispěvatelé: University of St Andrews. Statistics
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
viruses
Colombia/epidemiology
Dissemination
medicine.disease_cause
Disease Outbreaks
Dengue fever
Dengue
0302 clinical medicine
RA0421
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
Chikungunya
Socioeconomics
Disease outbreaks
education.field_of_study
Dengue Virus/classification
Zika Virus Infection
South America/epidemiology
virus diseases
QR Microbiology
Emigration and Immigration
Phylogeography
Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology
Phenotype
Emigration and Immigration/statistics & numerical data
Ecuador
Chikungunya virus
Research Article
Chikungunya virus/classification
Genotype
Evolution
Zika Virus/isolation & purification
030231 tropical medicine
Population
Mutation
Missense
Genome
Viral
Zika Virus infection/epidemiology
Colombia
Biology
Arbovirus
03 medical and health sciences
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Ecuador/epidemiology
parasitic diseases
QH359-425
medicine
Humans
education
Ecology
Evolution
Behavior and Systematics
Outbreak
Dengue/epidemiology
Genome
viral
DAS
Sequence analysis
DNA
Sequence Analysis
DNA
Zika Virus
Mutation
missense/physiology
Dengue Virus
South America
Venezuela
medicine.disease
QR
030104 developmental biology
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Novel virus
Chikungunya Fever
Biological dispersal
Venezuela/epidemiology
Zdroj: BMC Evolutionary Biology
BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2020)
ISSN: 1471-2148
DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1596-8
Popis: Background In recent years, Ecuador and other South American countries have experienced an increase in arboviral diseases. A rise in dengue infections was followed by introductions of chikungunya and Zika, two viruses never before seen in many of these areas. Furthermore, the latest socioeconomic and political instability in Venezuela and the mass migration of its population into the neighboring countries has given rise to concerns of infectious disease spillover and escalation of arboviral spread in the region. Results We performed phylogeographic analyses of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) virus genomes sampled from a surveillance site in Ecuador in 2014–2015, along with genomes from the surrounding countries. Our results revealed at least two introductions of DENV, in 2011 and late 2013, that initially originated from Venezuela and/or Colombia. The introductions were subsequent to increases in the influx of Venezuelan and Colombian citizens into Ecuador, which in 2013 were 343% and 214% higher than in 2009, respectively. However, we show that Venezuela has historically been an important source of DENV dispersal in this region, even before the massive exodus of its population, suggesting already established paths of viral distribution. Like DENV, CHIKV was introduced into Ecuador at multiple time points in 2013–2014, but unlike DENV, these introductions were associated with the Caribbean. Our findings indicated no direct CHIKV connection between Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela as of 2015, suggesting that CHIKV was, at this point, not following the paths of DENV spread. Conclusion Our results reveal that Ecuador is vulnerable to arbovirus import from many geographic locations, emphasizing the need of continued surveillance and more diversified prevention strategies. Importantly, increase in human movement along established paths of viral dissemination, combined with regional outbreaks and epidemics, may facilitate viral spread and lead to novel virus introductions. Thus, strengthening infectious disease surveillance and control along migration routes and improving access to healthcare for the vulnerable populations is of utmost importance.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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