Impact of Maternal Diabetes on Epigenetic Modifications Leading to Diseases in the Offspring
| Autor: | Kalliopi I. Pappa, Nikolaos Antonakopoulos, Konstantinos Dafopoulos, Nicolaos Vitoratos, Efthymios Deligeoroglou, Zoe Iliodromiti, Charalambos Siristatidis, Nikolaos Vrachnis |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Blood Glucose
lcsh:Internal medicine medicine.medical_specialty lcsh:Specialties of internal medicine Offspring Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism lcsh:Medicine Physiology Review Article Disease lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology Epigenesis Genetic Fetus lcsh:RC581-951 Pregnancy Risk Factors Internal medicine Diabetes mellitus medicine Hyperinsulinemia Animals Humans Genetic Predisposition to Disease Obesity lcsh:RC31-1245 lcsh:RC648-665 business.industry lcsh:R General Medicine medicine.disease Gestational diabetes Diabetes Gestational Phenotype Endocrinology Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Cardiovascular Diseases Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Chronic Disease Female business Dyslipidemia |
| Zdroj: | Experimental Diabetes Research Experimental Diabetes Research, Vol 2012 (2012) |
| ISSN: | 1687-5303 1687-5214 |
| DOI: | 10.1155/2012/538474 |
| Popis: | Gestational diabetes, occurring during the hyperglycemic period of pregnancy in maternal life, is a pathologic state that increases the incidence of complications in both mother and fetus. Offspring thus exposed to an adverse fetal and early postnatal environment may manifest increased susceptibility to a number of chronic diseases later in life. Compelling evidence for the role of epigenetic transmission in these complications has come from comparison of siblings born before and after the development of maternal diabetes, exposure to this intrauterine diabetic environment being shown to cause alterations in fetal growth patterns which predispose these infants to developing overweight and obesity later in life. Diabetes of the offspring is also mainly the consequence of exposure to the diabetic intrauterine environment, in addition to genetic susceptibility. Since obesity and diabetes are known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular sequelae in the offspring of diabetic mothers are virtually inevitable. Research data also suggest that exposure to a diabetic intrauterine environment during pregnancy is associated with an increase in dyslipidemia, subclinical vascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction processes in the offspring, all of which are linked with development of cardiovascular disease later in life. The main underlying mechanisms involve persistent hyperglycemia hyperinsulinemia and leptin resistance. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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