The presence of Wormian bones increases the fracture resistance of equine cranial bone

Autor: Aisling Ní Annaidh, Lilibeth A Zambrano M, Michael D. Gilchrist, Arun H.S. Kumar, David Kilroy
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Critical Care and Emergency Medicine
Bending
Bone density
Stiffness
Diagnostic Radiology
Fractures
Bone
0302 clinical medicine
Skull fracture
Bone Density
Medicine and Health Sciences
Biomechanics
Musculoskeletal System
Trauma Medicine
Disease Resistance
Mammals
Bone mineral
Multidisciplinary
Physics
Radiology and Imaging
Bone and Joint Mechanics
Classical Mechanics
Eukaryota
Anatomy
Deformation
Bone Imaging
medicine.anatomical_structure
Bone Fracture
Connective Tissue
Physical Sciences
Vertebrates
Medicine
Traumatic Injury
Research Article
Imaging Techniques
Bone pathology
Science
Materials Science
Material Properties
Equines
Biology
Research and Analysis Methods
03 medical and health sciences
Diagnostic Medicine
medicine
Animals
Mechanical Properties
Horses
Bone
Skeleton
Damage Mechanics
Skull
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
Bone fracture
medicine.disease
Biological Tissue
Amniotes
Wormian bones
Horse Diseases
030101 anatomy & morphology
Zoology
Parietal bone
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 4, p e0249451 (2021)
PLoS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: Wormian (intrasutural) bones are small, irregular bones, that are found in the cranial sutures of the skull. The occurrence of Wormian bones in human skulls has been well documented but few studies have detected the presence of such bones in domestic animals. Although some research has linked the presence of Wormian bones to bone pathology, its anatomical significance in healthy individuals is not known. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has examined the biomechanical features of Wormian bone. This study uses microCT imaging of the parietal bone region to determine the frequency of occurrence of Wormian bones in horse skulls and, through 3-point bending tests, to calculate the mechanical differences that result from the presence of such bones. In addition, bone properties such as bone mineral density (BMD) and stiffness were measured and analysed to determine the influence of Wormian bone. Our findings on 54 specimens taken from 10 horses (ages ranging from 4 to 29 years) showed that Wormian bone was present in 70% of subjects and that its occurrence was unrelated to age or sex. 3-point bend tests revealed that the stiffness normalised by cross section area (P = 0.038) was lower in samples where Wormian bone was present. An idealised Finite Element simulation confirmed that the presence of Wormian bone reduced the maximum stress and strain, as well as their distribution throughout the sample. We consequently conclude that the presence of Wormian bones, which are confined to the calvaria, increase the compliance of the bone and reduce the likelihood of skull fracture. As all skull samples were collected from a local abattoir, ethical approval was not required for this work.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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