Economic Efficiency of Genetic Screening to Inform the Use of Abacavir Sulfate in the Treatment of HIV
| Autor: | Raymond Farkouh, Mike Chambers, Penny Maroudas, Maria E. Watson, Teresa L. Kauf, Stephanie R. Earnshaw |
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| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Cost effectiveness
Cost-Benefit Analysis HIV Infections jel:I1 Abacavir Antiretroviral Therapy Highly Active education.field_of_study jel:Z Health Policy virus diseases Middle Aged jel:I11 Models Economic jel:I18 jel:I19 Quality-Adjusted Life Years medicine.drug Adult medicine.medical_specialty Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Anti-HIV Agents Population Organophosphonates jel:D jel:C jel:I Drug Hypersensitivity medicine Humans Computer Simulation Genetic Testing Risk factor education Tenofovir abacavir therapeutic use cost-effectiveness cost-utility genetic-screening HIV-infections treatment hypersensitivity research-and-development tenofovir therapeutic use Pharmacology Abacavir Sulfate business.industry Adenine Decision Trees Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Dideoxynucleosides United States Quality-adjusted life year Clinical trial Regimen HLA-B Antigens Emergency medicine Immunology business |
| Zdroj: | PharmacoEconomics. 28(11):1025-1039 |
| Popis: | Background: Abacavir sulfate (abacavir) is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) that affects 5-8% of patients. While serious complications are rare, failure to identify it, or abacavir re-challenge following HSR, can be fatal. Genetic screening for HLA-B*5701 can identify patients who are likely to experience an HSR and reduces the incidence of the reaction. Objective: We assessed the intrinsic and practical value, from the US healthcare system perspective, of prospective HLA-B*5701 screening among a population of antiretroviral-naive patients without elevated risk factors for cardiovascular disease, plasma HIV RNA >100 000 copies/mL, or pre-existing renal insufficiency. Methods: Two approaches were used to evaluate the costs and benefits of prospective screening. First, the efficiency of HLA-B*5701 screening compared with no screening prior to abacavir initiation (intrinsic value of screening) was evaluated using a 60-day decision-tree model. Next, the practical value of screening was assessed using a lifetime discrete-event simulation model that compared HLA-B*5701 screening prior to abacavir use versus initiation with a tenofovir-containing regimen. Screening-effectiveness parameters were taken from an open-label trial that incorporated screening prior to abacavir initiation and other published studies. Treatment efficacy was derived from clinical trials. Modelling assumptions, costs ($US, year 2007 values) and other parameters were derived from published sources, primary data analysis and expert opinion. Multiple one-way sensitivity and scenario analyses were performed to assess parameter uncertainty. The primary outcome measure for the short-term screening versus no screening analysis was cost per patient. For the long-term analysis, outcomes were presented as QALYs. Costs and effects were discounted at 3% per year. Results: Over the first 60 days of treatment, prospective screening prior to abacavir initiation cost an additional $US17 per patient and avoided 537 HSRs per 10 000 patients. The per-patient cost of screening was sensitive to the cost of the genetic test, HSR costs and screening performance. In the lifetime model, screening-informed abacavir use was more effective and less costly than initiation with a tenofovir-containing regimen in the base case and in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Our results suggest that prospective HLA-B*5701 screening prior to abacavir initiation produces cost savings and should become a standard component of HIV care. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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