Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
| Autor: | Fei Xu, Scott B. Campbell, Emilia Bakaic, Daryl Sivakumaran, Eva Mueller, Todd Hoare |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Degradability Polymers Thermoresponsive Materials General Chemical Engineering Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Microfluidics Nanotechnology Bioengineering 02 engineering and technology Smart material General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Issue 134 Poly(Oligoethylene Glycol Methacrylate) 030212 general & internal medicine General Immunology and Microbiology Tissue Engineering Electrospinning General Neuroscience technology industry and agriculture Hydrogels 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology In Situ Gelling Self-Assembly Smart Materials chemistry Nanofiber Drug delivery Self-healing hydrogels Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Self-assembly 0210 nano-technology |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE |
| ISSN: | 1940-087X |
| Popis: | While various smart materials have been explored for a variety of biomedical applications (e.g., drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, etc.), their ultimate clinical use has been hampered by the lack of biologically-relevant degradation observed for most smart materials. This is particularly true for temperature-responsive hydrogels, which are almost uniformly based on polymers that are functionally non-degradable (e.g., poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) or poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA)). As such, to effectively translate the potential of thermoresponsive hydrogels to the challenges of remote-controlled or metabolism-regulated drug delivery, cell scaffolds with tunable cell-material interactions, theranostic materials with the potential for both imaging and drug delivery, and other such applications, a method is required to render the hydrogels (if not fully degradable) at least capable of renal clearance following the required lifetime of the material. To that end, this protocol describes the preparation of hydrolytically-degradable hydrazone-crosslinked hydrogels on multiple length scales based on the reaction between hydrazide and aldehyde-functionalized PNIPAM or POEGMA oligomers with molecular weights below the renal filtration limit. Specifically, methods to fabricate degradable thermoresponsive bulk hydrogels (using a double barrel syringe technique), hydrogel particles (on both the microscale through the use of a microfluidics platform facilitating simultaneous mixing and emulsification of the precursor polymers and the nanoscale through the use of a thermally-driven self-assembly and cross-linking method), and hydrogel nanofibers (using a reactive electrospinning strategy) are described. In each case, hydrogels with temperature-responsive properties similar to those achieved via conventional free radical cross-linking processes can be achieved, but the hydrazone cross-linked network can be degraded over time to re-form the oligomeric precursor polymers and enable clearance. As such, we anticipate these methods (which may be generically applied to any synthetic water-soluble polymer, not just smart materials) will enable easier translation of synthetic smart materials to clinical applications. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|