Hypofractionated and accelerated radiotherapy with cytoprotection (HypoARC): a short, safe, and effective postoperative regimen for high-risk breast cancer patients
| Autor: | Vassilis Georgoulias, G. Retalis, Stelios Kakolyris, Efthimios Sivridis, Michael I. Koukourakis, Chryssi Frangiadaki, Alexandra Giatromanolaki, Charalambos Kouroussis |
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| Rok vydání: | 2002 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Cancer Research medicine.medical_specialty Vomiting medicine.medical_treatment Urology Breast Neoplasms Radiation-Protective Agents Cohort Studies Amifostine Mastectomy Modified Radical Breast cancer Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols medicine Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Cyclophosphamide Mastectomy Aged Epirubicin Chemotherapy Radiation business.industry Radiobiology Nausea Middle Aged Alkaline Phosphatase medicine.disease Survival Analysis Surgery Radiation Pneumonitis Radiation therapy Regimen Oncology Female Radiotherapy Adjuvant Dose Fractionation Radiation Fluorouracil Breast disease Radiodermatitis business Follow-Up Studies medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 52:144-155 |
| ISSN: | 0360-3016 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01759-x |
| Popis: | Although the role of radiotherapy (RT) after mastectomy in reducing the local relapse rate is well established, its impact on overall survival is strongly questioned. Up to 70% of patients will not benefit from additional RT, and a "wait and see" policy is often adopted. Establishment of short, still safe, and effective RT regimens would render adjunctive radiotherapy more appealing. We evaluated the toxicity and efficacy of a Hypofractionated and intensively Accelerated RT regimen supported with amifostine Cytoprotection (HypoARC) in a cohort of 72 high-risk breast cancer patients treated with modified mastectomy or conservative surgery and FEC (5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy.A high dose of amifostine, 1,000 mg, was given as a 5-min i.v. infusion before each of the 12 consecutive fractions of RT (4 x 3.5 Gy/fraction and 8 x 4 Gy/fraction, 1 fraction/day, 5 fractions/week). The breast or chest wall, as well as supraclavicular and axillary area, was included in the RT fields. The follow-up of patients ranged from 18 to 42 months (median, 28 months). Alkaline phosphatase (AF) expression was assessed immunohistochemically in normal and cancerous breast tissues.Ninety-two percent of patients successfully completed the regimen, the only side effects being mild nausea and asthenia. In 7% of patients, amifostine was interrupted because of a rash/fever reaction. A dramatic reduction in acute skin toxicity was noted (p0.0001). Acute pneumonitis, as well as late toxicity in breast, chest wall, axillary, and lung tissue, was lower with the HypoARC regimen, although not significantly, than with the standard fractionation regimen used to treat two matched control cohorts. Both HypoARC and standard RT significantly reduce the local relapse rate (p0.0001), although the local relapse-free and overall survival times were marginally better for the HypoARC group of patients (p0.09). AF showed a mixed nuclear/cytoplasmic pattern of expression in the epithelial, endothelial, and stromal component of the normal breast and benign lesions, whereas an impressive loss of AF expression was noted in in situ and invasive breast cancer and tumoral stroma.The HypoARC regimen is convenient for both patients and radiotherapy departments. The regimen is well tolerated and shows a significantly better profile in terms of early toxicity; a reduced rate of late sequel may be expected. The local relapse rate is as low as that expected from conventional RT. The absence of AF expression in cancer cells and tumoral stroma is probably a major reason for the selective protection of normal breast tissue by amifostine. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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