Phylogeography, Population Dynamics, and Molecular Evolution of European Bat Lyssaviruses
| Autor: | Edward C. Holmes, Wladimir J. Alonso, Patricia L. Davis, Hervé Bourhy, Wim H.M. van der Poel, Florence Larrous, Kirsten Tjørnehøj |
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| Přispěvatelé: | University of Oxford, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Reseach, We thank the Wellcome Trustfor their financial support., We are grateful to the genomic platform ofInstitut Pasteur, Paris, France, and particularly to E. Ochoa and C.Bouchier for their help with sequencing. We also thank J. A.Kramps of the Dutch Centre for Animal Disease Control (CIDC-Lelystad)for volunteering EBLV-positive bat brain samples from The Netherlands.Three anonymous referees also made valuablecomments. |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Nonsynonymous substitution
chiroptera [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] pteropus-giganteus Immunology Population Population Dynamics Biology Microbiology diversity Evolution Molecular 03 medical and health sciences Phylogenetics Molecular evolution Virology Chiroptera substitution Genetic variation Animals rabies virus education Phylogeny 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences education.field_of_study Genetic diversity 030306 microbiology Genetic Variation infection Phylogeography Genetic Diversity and Evolution ASG Infectieziekten Evolutionary biology Insect Science immune-response sequences Biological dispersal epidemiology Lyssavirus rna viruses |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Virology Journal of Virology, 2005, 79 (16), pp.10487-10497. ⟨10.1128/JVI.79.16.10487-10497.2005⟩ Journal of Virology, 79(16), 10487-10497 Journal of Virology 79 (2005) 16 |
| ISSN: | 0022-538X 1098-5514 |
| DOI: | 10.1128/JVI.79.16.10487-10497.2005⟩ |
| Popis: | European bat lyssaviruses types 1 and 2 (EBLV-1 and EBLV-2) are widespread in Europe, although little is known of their evolutionary history. We undertook a comprehensive sequence analysis to infer the selection pressures, rates of nucleotide substitution, age of genetic diversity, geographical origin, and population growth rates of EBLV-1. Our study encompassed data from 12 countries collected over a time span of 35 years and focused on the glycoprotein (G) and nucleoprotein (N) genes. We show that although the two subtypes of EBLV-1—EBLV-1a and EBLV-1b—have both grown at a low exponential rate since their introduction into Europe, they have differing population structures and dispersal patterns. Furthermore, there were strong constraints against amino acid change in both EBLV-1 and EBLV-2, as reflected in a low ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions per site, particularly in EBLV-1b. Our inferred rate of nucleotide substitution in EBLV-1, approximately 5 × 10−5substitutions per site per year, was also one of the lowest recorded for RNA viruses and implied that the current genetic diversity in the virus arose 500 to 750 years ago. We propose that the slow evolution of EBLVs reflects their distinctive epidemiology in bats, where they occupy a relatively stable fitness peak. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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