Malignant gliomas: diagnosis and treatment

Autor: Sherise Desiree Ferguson
Rok vydání: 2011
Předmět:
Zdroj: Disease-a-month : DM. 57(10)
ISSN: 1557-8194
Popis: he incidence of primary brain tumors worldwide is approximately 7 per 00,000 individuals per year, accounting for 2% of all primary tumors. nlike secondary brain tumors that arise from distant sites, such as lung r breast, and spread to the central nervous system (CNS) via hematognous dissemination, primary brain tumors emerge from cells intrinsic to he CNS or its surrounding meninges. These tumors are classified on a cale of I to IV defined by the World Health Organization. This grading ystem is based on tumor genetic attributes and histopathological features ndicating the degree of malignancy and subsequent propensity for ggressive behavior. Grades III and IV are typically considered igh-grade or malignant. Of the approximately 18,000 adults diagnosed ith a malignant brain tumor in the United Stated per year, the most ommon and lethal is glioblastoma (World Health Organization Grade V), also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBMs account or 10-15% of all primary intracranial tumors. They occur in all age roups, but most commonly in adults, with a peak incidence between 45 nd 70 years old. GBMs can arise in any region of the CNS, but most ommonly in cerebral hemispheres. The hallmark histopathological eatures of this tumor include nuclear atypia, necrosis, hypercellularity, nd microvascular proliferation. Glioblastomas pose a challenge in neuro-oncology because of their (i) nfiltrative nature, (ii) resistance to apoptosis, (iii) propensity for recurence, and (iv) resistance to conventional therapies. The incidence of hese tumors has increased somewhat over the past 2 decades, especially n elderly people, most likely because of improved diagnostic imaging. espite advancement in surgery and adjuvant therapy, the prognosis emains unfavorable, with a median survival of 12-18 months.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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