Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: A cross-sectional study based on national data
| Autor: | Hilda C. Ochoa-Bayona, Kathia G. Flores-Rodriguez, Raul G. Salazar-Montalvo, Magaly Padilla-Orozco, Ismael Ibarra-Nava, Alfonso Salinas-Zertuche, Violeta Ruiz-Herrera |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Viral Diseases Epidemiology Economics Cross-sectional study Ethnic group Social Sciences Health Care Sector Cardiovascular Medicine Geographical locations Medical Conditions 0302 clinical medicine Pandemic Ethnicity Medicine and Health Sciences Psychology 030212 general & internal medicine Minority Groups Language education.field_of_study Multidisciplinary Middle Aged Infectious Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Medicine Female 0305 other medical science Research Article Adult medicine.medical_specialty Science Population Cardiology Indigenous Ethnic Epidemiology 03 medical and health sciences Health Economics Population Groups Ambulatory care medicine Humans Healthcare Disparities Indigenous Peoples education Mexico Pandemics 030505 public health SARS-CoV-2 business.industry Cognitive Psychology COVID-19 Biology and Life Sciences Covid 19 Health Status Disparities Odds ratio Cardiovascular Disease Risk Confidence interval Health Care Cross-Sectional Studies Medical Risk Factors North America Cognitive Science People and places business Neuroscience Demography |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e0239168 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0239168 |
| Popis: | Introduction Across the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities. How ethnicity affects Indigenous peoples in Mexico is unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the mortality associated with ethnicity, particularly of Indigenous peoples, in a large sample of patients with COVID-19 in Mexico. Methods We used open access data from the Mexican Ministry of Health, which includes data of all confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country. We used descriptive statistics to compare differences among different groups of patients. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios while adjusting for confounders. Results From February 28 to August 3, 2020, a total of 416546 adult patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. Among these, 4178 were Indigenous peoples. Among all patients with COVID-19, whether hospitalized or not, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died compared to non-Indigenous people (16.5% vs 11.1%, respectively). Among hospitalized patients, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died (37.1%) compared to non-Indigenous peoples (36.3%). Deaths outside the hospital were also higher among Indigenous peoples (3.7% vs 1.7%). A higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died in both the private and public health care sectors. The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.24). The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was higher among those who received only ambulatory care (1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.24 to 1.92). Discussion In this large sample of patients with COVID-19, the findings suggest that Indigenous peoples in Mexico have a higher risk of death from COVID-19, especially outside the hospital. These findings suggest Indigenous peoples lack access to care more so than non-Indigenous people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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