The force pyramid: a spatial analysis of force application during virtual reality brain tumor resection
| Autor: | Abdulrahman J. Sabbagh, Gmaan Al Zhrani, Abdulgadir Bugdadi, Fahad E. Alotaibi, Samaneh Siar, Robin Sawaya, Khalid Bajunaid, Ibrahim Marwa, Alexander Winkler-Schwartz, Rolando F. Del Maestro, Hamed Azarnoush |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Tumor resection Neurosurgery Virtual reality Functional Laterality Neurosurgical Procedures Contact force Physical Phenomena 03 medical and health sciences Ultrasonic aspirator 0302 clinical medicine Pyramid medicine Humans Computer vision Simulation Training Haptic technology Brain tumor resection Spatial Analysis Brain Neoplasms business.industry Virtual Reality General Medicine Surgery 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Metric (mathematics) Ergonomics Artificial intelligence business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Neurosurgery. 127:171-181 |
| ISSN: | 1933-0693 0022-3085 |
| DOI: | 10.3171/2016.7.jns16322 |
| Popis: | OBJECTIVEVirtual reality simulators allow development of novel methods to analyze neurosurgical performance. The concept of a force pyramid is introduced as a Tier 3 metric with the ability to provide visual and spatial analysis of 3D force application by any instrument used during simulated tumor resection. This study was designed to answer 3 questions: 1) Do study groups have distinct force pyramids? 2) Do handedness and ergonomics influence force pyramid structure? 3) Are force pyramids dependent on the visual and haptic characteristics of simulated tumors?METHODSUsing a virtual reality simulator, NeuroVR (formerly NeuroTouch), ultrasonic aspirator force application was continually assessed during resection of simulated brain tumors by neurosurgeons, residents, and medical students. The participants performed simulated resections of 18 simulated brain tumors with different visual and haptic characteristics. The raw data, namely, coordinates of the instrument tip as well as contact force values, were collected by the simulator. To provide a visual and qualitative spatial analysis of forces, the authors created a graph, called a force pyramid, representing force sum along the z-coordinate for different xy coordinates of the tool tip.RESULTSSixteen neurosurgeons, 15 residents, and 84 medical students participated in the study. Neurosurgeon, resident and medical student groups displayed easily distinguishable 3D “force pyramid fingerprints.” Neurosurgeons had the lowest force pyramids, indicating application of the lowest forces, followed by resident and medical student groups. Handedness, ergonomics, and visual and haptic tumor characteristics resulted in distinct well-defined 3D force pyramid patterns.CONCLUSIONSForce pyramid fingerprints provide 3D spatial assessment displays of instrument force application during simulated tumor resection. Neurosurgeon force utilization and ergonomic data form a basis for understanding and modulating resident force application and improving patient safety during tumor resection. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|