Effects of norfloxacin nicotinate on the early life stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio): Developmental toxicity, oxidative stress and immunotoxicity
| Autor: | Kaibin Li, Fang Wang, Xiangping Nie, Hansun Fang, Ximei Liang |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Embryo Nonmammalian Antioxidant medicine.medical_treatment Developmental toxicity Embryonic Development Aquatic Science medicine.disease_cause Superoxide dismutase Andrology 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound medicine Animals Environmental Chemistry Zebrafish chemistry.chemical_classification biology Glutathione peroxidase Nicotinic Acids 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences General Medicine Malondialdehyde biology.organism_classification Immunity Innate Anti-Bacterial Agents Oxidative Stress 030104 developmental biology chemistry Toxicity 040102 fisheries biology.protein 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Oxidative stress Norfloxacin |
| Zdroj: | Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 96:262-269 |
| ISSN: | 1050-4648 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.008 |
| Popis: | Norfloxacin nicotinate (NOR-N), an adduct of norfloxacin (NOR) and nicotinic acid, has been widely used for replacing NOR in animal husbandry and fishery industry. Nowadays, increasing evidences showed that NOR could pose toxic effects on fish and other aquatic organisms, but as its adduct, whether NOR-N could cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms is still unclear. To evaluate the toxic effects of NOR-N on the early life stage of zebrafish, we determined the changes in embryonic development (hatching rate, body length, malformation rate and mortality), antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and gene expression levels related to antioxidant enzymes (Cu/Zn-sod, Mn-sod, CAT and Gpx) and innate immune system (tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon (IFN), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-8, CXCL-clc, CC-chemokine, lysozyme (Lzy) and complement factors (C3)) after embryonic exposure to NOR-N till 96 hpf. The results showed that NOR-N exposure could decreased the hatching rate and body length, and increased abnormality and mortality as concentration-dependent during embryonic development process. NOR-N induced oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae through increasing the contents of MDA and the activities of SOD, CAT and Gpx, as well as the mRNA levels of genes related to these antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the expression of TNFα, IFN, IL-1β, IL-8, CXCL-clc, CC-chemokine, Lzy and C3 genes were significantly up-regulated after exposure to high concentration (5 and/or 25 mg/L) of NOR-N till 96 hpf, indicating that the innate immune system in zebrafish larvae was disturbed by NOR-N. Overall, our results suggested that NOR-N caused development toxicity, oxidative stress and immunotoxicity on the early life stage of zebrafish. Thus, widespread application of NOR-N might pose potential ecotoxicological risk on aquatic ecosystems. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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