Study of a hepatitis E virus outbreak involving drinking water and sewage contamination in Shimla, India, 2015–2016
| Autor: | Anuradha S. Tripathy, Avinash Deoshatwar, Omesh Kumar Bharti, Rakesh Bharadwaj, Meenal Sharma, Prasad Babar |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male 0301 basic medicine Adolescent viruses 030231 tropical medicine India Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction medicine.disease_cause Virus Disease Outbreaks Serology Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Hepatitis E virus Humans Medicine Child Phylogeny Aged Sewage business.industry Transmission (medicine) Drinking Water Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health virus diseases Outbreak Hepatitis A General Medicine Middle Aged medicine.disease Hepatitis E Virology digestive system diseases Vaccination 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Female Parasitology business |
| Zdroj: | Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 113:789-796 |
| ISSN: | 1878-3503 0035-9203 |
| Popis: | Background Hepatitis E, caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV), accounts for 50% of acute hepatitis cases in India. We report an outbreak of hepatitis E in Shimla, India, in 2015–2016. Methods ICMR-National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, received two batches of water samples from Shimla in January 2016 to test for the presence of enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses. Subsequently, 57 icterus patients were tested for various markers of hepatotropic viruses, i.e. anti-HEV IgM/IgG, anti-hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) IgM/IgG antibodies and HEV RNA. Water samples were screened for HEV and HAV RNA followed by phylogenetic analysis. Results Overall, 48/57 patients availing municipal water had evidence of HEV infection, detected by serology and RT-PCR. All the water samples tested positive for HEV and HAV RNA, while the patients were negative for anti-HAV IgM antibody, indicating no recent HAV infection. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the aetiological agent of the current outbreak to be HEV genotype 1. Conclusions Serology and RT-PCR confirmed HEV as the aetiology of the outbreak. The absence of new cases of hepatitis A, despite the presence of HAV in the water supply, could be due to previously acquired immunity. Sewage contamination of water leading to faecal-oral transmission of HEV still remains a concern, thus emphasising the need for a vaccination/control strategy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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