Modeling Refuge Effect of Submerged Macrophytes in Lake System
| Autor: | Yun Kang, Krystal Blanco, Meng Fan, Dongyu Lv |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Food Chain General Mathematics Immunology Population Biology 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Zooplankton Models Biological General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Phytoplankton Animals Ecosystem Computer Simulation Biomass education Plant Physiological Phenomena General Environmental Science Pharmacology education.field_of_study Biomass (ecology) Ecology 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology General Neuroscience Aquatic ecosystem Lake ecosystem Fishes Mathematical Concepts Eutrophication Macrophyte Lakes Computational Theory and Mathematics General Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| Zdroj: | Bulletin of mathematical biology. 78(4) |
| ISSN: | 1522-9602 |
| Popis: | This paper considers a significant problem in biological control of algae issue in ecological environment. A four-dimensional dynamic model is carefully formulated to characterize the interactions among phytoplankton, submerged macrophyte, zooplankton, and general fish class in a lake ecosystem. The predation relationship is modeled by Beddington-DeAngelis functional responses derived from the classical Holling time budget arguments. Qualitative analyses of the global dynamics show that the system can generate very rich dynamics with potentially 10 different equilibria and several bistable scenarios. We perform analysis on the existence and local stability of equilibria and explore the refuge effect of macrophyte on the zooplankton with numerical simulations on aquatic ecosystems. We also discuss effective methods of biological control used to restrain the increase of phytoplankton. Our study shows the proposed model could have rich and complex dynamics including but not limited to bistable and chaotic phenomenon. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that both the refuge constant and the density of the macrophytes are two key factors where refuge effects take place. In addition, the intraspecific competition between the macrophyte and the phytoplankton can also affect the macrophyte's refuge effect. Our analytical and simulation results suggest that macrophytes provide structure and shelter against predation for zooplankton such that it could restore the zooplankton population, and that planting macrophyte properly might achieve the purpose of controlling algae growth. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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