Tenebrio molitor as an Alternative Model to Analyze the Sporothrix Species Virulence
| Autor: | Héctor M. Mora-Montes, Laura C García-Carnero, Iván Martínez-Duncker, Nancy E Lozoya-Pérez, José A. Martínez-Álvarez |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
030106 microbiology phenoloxidase Virulence Biology Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Animal mortality Sporothrix schenckii experimental sporotrichosis Pharmacology (medical) 030212 general & internal medicine skin and connective tissue diseases Cytotoxicity Mycosis Original Research Pharmacology Sporotrichosis fungal infection Lethal dose Sporothrix host–fungus interplay bacterial infections and mycoses medicine.disease biology.organism_classification hemocytes Infectious Diseases Infection and Drug Resistance |
| Zdroj: | Infection and Drug Resistance |
| ISSN: | 1178-6973 |
| DOI: | 10.2147/idr.s312553 |
| Popis: | Nancy E Lozoya-Pérez,1 Laura C García-Carnero,1 José A Martínez-Álvarez,1 Iván Martínez-Duncker,2 Héctor M Mora-Montes1 1Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 36050, México; 2Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular; Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MéxicoCorrespondence: Héctor M Mora-MontesDepartamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Col. Noria Alta, C.P, Guanajuato, 36050, MéxicoTel +52 473-7320006 Ext. 8193Fax +52 473-7320006 Ext. 8153Email hmora@ugto.mxBackground: Sporotrichosis is an increasing threat for humans, affecting mainly skin and subcutaneous tissues but that can cause disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients. Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa are the main etiological agents of this mycosis, and each species show different virulence levels. The gold standard to assess fungal virulence is the mouse model that is expensive and time-consuming. Thus, invertebrate models have been reported as an alternative for the evaluation of fungal virulence. Here, we assessed whether Tenebrio molitor larvae could be a new alternative to study Sporothrix spp. virulence.Methods: T. molitor larvae were inoculated with different doses of S. schenckii, S. brasiliensis, and S. globosa, and animal mortality, cytotoxicity, and immunological parameters were analyzed, including the ability to stimulate immunological priming.Results: Mortality curves demonstrated that yeast-like cells were the best fungal morphology to kill larvae and showed a similar ranking in virulence than that reported in other animal models, ie, being S. brasiliensis and S. globosa the species with the highest and lowest virulence, respectively. The usefulness of this model was validated with the analysis of several S. schenckii strains with different virulence degrees, and changes in cytotoxicity, humoral and cellular immunological parameters. Low-virulence strains stimulated low levels of cytotoxicity, phenoloxidase activity, and hemocyte countings, and these immunological cells poorly uptake fungi. Moreover, using recombinant Gp70 from S. schenckii immunological priming was stimulated in larvae and this protected against a lethal dose of fungal cells from any of the three species under study.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that T. molitor larvae are an appropriate alternative invertebrate model to analyze the virulence of S. schenckii, S. brasiliensis, and S. globosa. Additionally, hemocyte levels, phenoloxidase activity, cytotoxicity, uptake by hemocytes, and immunological priming are biological parameters that can be used to study the Sporothrix–T. molitor interaction.Keywords: experimental sporotrichosis, fungal infection, host–fungus interplay, hemocytes, phenoloxidase |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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