Impacts of anthropogenic gadolinium on the activity of the ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea
| Autor: | Gary Vanzin, Michelle R. Walton, Gaurav Das, Alice Dohnalkova, A. Anderko, Yoshiko Fujita |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Gadolinium DTPA
Environmental Engineering Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Gadolinium 0208 environmental biotechnology Nitrosomonas europaea chemistry.chemical_element 02 engineering and technology Wastewater 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Ammonia chemistry.chemical_compound Environmental Chemistry Chelation Nitrosomonas Nitrite Ecosystem Nitrites 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Magnesium Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health General Medicine General Chemistry Pollution 020801 environmental engineering Bioavailability chemistry Environmental chemistry Metals Rare Earth Nitrification Oxidation-Reduction Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 257:127250 |
| ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127250 |
| Popis: | Widespread use of gadolinium-based contrast agents in medical imaging has resulted in increased Gd inputs to municipal wastewater treatment plants. Others have reported that typical wastewater treatment does not attenuate Gd, resulting in discharges to natural waters. However, whether elevated Gd impacts the performance of biological treatment has not been investigated. We examined whether gadolinium chloride or Gd chelated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) affected the activity of the model nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. At nominal GdCl3 additions ranging from 1 to 500 μM, no impact was observed compared to the control. Most (>98%) of the added Gd precipitated, and extracellular GdPO4 nanoparticles were observed. When chelated with DTPA, Gd remained soluble, but no statistically significant impact on ammonia oxidation was observed until the highest concentrations tested. At 300 and 500 μM Gd-DTPA, a temporary reduction of nitrite production relative to the control (effect size 1.3 mg l−1 and 1.5 mg l−1, respectively, at 24 h) was seen. By itself, DTPA was highly inhibitory. Modeling suggested that DTPA likely chelated other metals, but adjusting the concentrations of the most abundant metals in the medium, calcium and magnesium, indicated that lowering their free ion activities was probably not the cause of inhibition. Complexation of other essential metals was more likely. Our studies indicate that while the low bioavailability of Gd may limit its ecosystem impacts, the role of synthetic ligands used with Gd and other rare earth elements should be considered as the production, use and disposal of these elements increases. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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