Risk assessment considerations for plant protection products and terrestrial life-stages of amphibians
| Autor: | Friedrich Dechet, Sandra Demmig, Peter Sowig, Andreas Ufer, Lennart Weltje, Mick Hamer |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Aquatic Organisms Environmental Engineering 010501 environmental sciences Risk Assessment 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Aquatic organisms Amphibians Toxicity Tests Animals Environmental Chemistry Road map Pesticides Waste Management and Disposal Environmental planning Risk management 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Exposure assessment Toxicity data business.industry Fishes Tiered approach Pollution Life stage business Risk assessment |
| Zdroj: | Science of The Total Environment. 636:500-511 |
| ISSN: | 0048-9697 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.189 |
| Popis: | Some amphibians occur in agricultural landscapes during certain periods of their life cycle and consequently might be exposed to plant protection products (PPPs). While the sensitivity of aquatic life-stages is considered to be covered by the standard assessment for aquatic organisms (especially fish), the situation is less clear for terrestrial amphibian life-stages. In this paper, considerations are presented on how a risk assessment for PPPs and terrestrial life-stages of amphibians could be conducted. It discusses available information concerning the toxicity of PPPs to terrestrial amphibians, and their potential exposure to PPPs in consideration of aspects of amphibian biology. The emphasis is on avoiding additional vertebrate testing as much as possible by using exposure-driven approaches and by making use of existing vertebrate toxicity data, where appropriate. Options for toxicity testing and risk assessment are presented in a flowchart as a tiered approach, progressing from a non-testing approach, to simple worst-case laboratory testing, to extended laboratory testing, to semi-field enclosure tests and ultimately to full-scale field testing and monitoring. Suggestions are made for triggers to progress to higher tiers. Also, mitigation options to reduce the potential for exposure of terrestrial life-stages of amphibians to PPPs, if a risk were identified, are discussed. Finally, remaining uncertainties and research needs are considered by proposing a way forward (road map) for generating additional information to inform terrestrial amphibian risk assessment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect