Chlorine disinfection promotes the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genera by natural transformation
| Autor: | Min Jin, Weili Liu, Lu Liu, Wang Huaran, Jianhua Guo, Jing Yin, Shi Danyang, Yang Zhongwei, Zhiqiang Shen, Zhigang Qiu, Li Haibei, Dong Yang, Da-Ning Wang, Jun-Wen Li |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Water microbiology
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Drug resistance 010501 environmental sciences medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Microbiology Article Enterococcus faecalis Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Plasmid Drug Resistance Bacterial polycyclic compounds medicine Escherichia coli Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Public health 0303 health sciences Bacteria biology Pseudomonas aeruginosa Drug Resistance Microbial biology.organism_classification Anti-Bacterial Agents Disinfection Transformation (genetics) chemistry Genes Bacterial Sodium hypochlorite Chlorine |
| Zdroj: | The ISME Journal |
| ISSN: | 1751-7370 1751-7362 |
| Popis: | Chlorine disinfection to drinking water plays an important role in preventing and controlling waterborne disease outbreaks globally. Nevertheless, little is known about why it enriches the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria after chlorination. Here, ARGs released from killed antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and culturable chlorine-injured bacteria produced in the chlorination process as the recipient, were investigated to determine their contribution to the horizontal transfer of ARGs during disinfection treatment. We discovered Escherichia coli, Salmonella aberdeen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis showed diverse resistance to sodium hypochlorite, and transferable RP4 could be released from killed sensitive donor consistently. Meanwhile, the survival of chlorine-tolerant injured bacteria with enhanced cell membrane permeabilisation and a strong oxidative stress-response demonstrated that a physiologically competent cell could be transferred by RP4 with an improved transformation frequency of up to 550 times compared with the corresponding untreated bacteria. Furthermore, the water quality factors involving chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), ammonium nitrogen and metal ions (Ca2+ and K+) could significantly promote above transformation frequency of released RP4 into injured E. faecalis. Our findings demonstrated that the chlorination process promoted the horizontal transfer of plasmids by natural transformation, which resulted in the exchange of ARGs across bacterial genera and the emergence of new ARB, as well as the transfer of chlorine-injured opportunistic pathogen from non-ARB to ARB. Considering that the transfer elements were quite resistant to degradation through disinfection, this situation poses a potential risk to public health. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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