Anomalous water expulsion from carbon-based rods at high humidity
| Autor: | David J. Heldebrant, Herbert T. Schaef, Matthew J. Olszta, David W. Gotthold, Jian Liu, Mark H. Engelhard, Satish K. Nune, Manjula I. Nandasiri, Lyle M. Gordon, Christopher K. Clayton, David B. Lao, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, Greg A. Whyatt |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
genetic structures Biomedical Engineering chemistry.chemical_element Bioengineering 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Rod Adsorption General Materials Science Electrical and Electronic Engineering High humidity fungi food and beverages Humidity 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Condensed Matter Physics humanities Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics 0104 chemical sciences chemistry Chemical engineering sense organs 0210 nano-technology Carbon |
| Zdroj: | Nature Nanotechnology. 11:791-797 |
| ISSN: | 1748-3395 1748-3387 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/nnano.2016.91 |
| Popis: | Three water adsorption-desorption mechanisms are common in inorganic materials: chemisorption, which can lead to the modification of the first coordination sphere; simple adsorption, which is reversible; and condensation, which is irreversible. Regardless of the sorption mechanism, all known materials exhibit an isotherm in which the quantity of water adsorbed increases with an increase in relative humidity. Here, we show that carbon-based rods can adsorb water at low humidity and spontaneously expel about half of the adsorbed water when the relative humidity exceeds a 50-80% threshold. The water expulsion is reversible, and is attributed to the interfacial forces between the confined rod surfaces. At wide rod spacings, a monolayer of water can form on the surface of the carbon-based rods, which subsequently leads to condensation in the confined space between adjacent rods. As the relative humidity increases, adjacent rods (confining surfaces) in the bundles are drawn closer together via capillary forces. At high relative humidity, and once the size of the confining surfaces has decreased to a critical length, a surface-induced evaporation phenomenon known as solvent cavitation occurs and water that had condensed inside the confined area is released as a vapour. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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