Cellular uptake, stability, visualization by 'Naturstoff reagent A', and multidrug resistance protein 1 gene-regulatory activity of cyanidin in human keratinocytes
| Autor: | Simone Lipinski, Corinna E. Ruefer, Christine Desel, Gerald Rimbach, S. Skrbek, Anika E. Wagner, Insa M. A. Ernst |
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| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Keratinocytes
Cell Survival Skin Absorption Cyanidin Human skin Protocatechuic acid Flow cytometry Anthocyanins chemistry.chemical_compound Drug Stability Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 Fluorescence microscope medicine Humans ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Subfamily B Member 1 RNA Messenger Cells Cultured Pharmacology medicine.diagnostic_test food and beverages Pigments Biological Anthocyanidins HaCaT chemistry Biochemistry Gene Expression Regulation |
| Zdroj: | Pharmacological research. 61(3) |
| ISSN: | 1096-1186 |
| Popis: | There is increasing interest in the role of anthocyanidins as potential skin protective phytochemicals. However, little is known if and to what extent anthocyanidins are taken up by the human skin. In the present study cellular uptake (as determined by HPLC), stability, and gene-regulatory activity of cyanidin were determined in human HaCaT keratinocytes in culture. Using the fluorescent dye Naturstoff reagent A cyanidin was visualized in order to determine its cellular accumulation via flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Cyanidin was rapidly taken up by HaCaT cells at relatively low concentrations. Following incubation, cellular cyanidin levels decreased time-dependently most likely due to degradation into protocatechuic acid and phloroglucinol aldehyde. Confocal laser scanning microscopy data demonstrated that cyanidin was mainly present in the cytoplasm. Cellular uptake of cyanidin was accompanied by an inhibition of multidrug resistance protein 1 (involved in cellular efflux of flavonoids) mRNA-levels indicating its gene-regulatory activity. Naturstoff reagent A seems to be a promising fluorescent dye to visualize cyanidin in keratinocytes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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