Effects of the combination of ω-3 PUFAs and proanthocyanidins on the gut microbiota of healthy rats
| Autor: | Lucía Méndez, Josep Lluís Torres, Maria Rosa Nogués, Isabel Medina, Mercè Hereu, María Pilar Almajano, Sara Ramos-Romero, Núria Taltavull, Eunice Molinar-Toribio, Marta Romeu |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
food.ingredient Population Blood Pressure Gut flora digestive system Feces 03 medical and health sciences food Lactobacillus Fatty Acids Omega-3 Animals Proanthocyanidins Food science Rats Wistar education chemistry.chemical_classification education.field_of_study Bacteria Adiponectin biology Microbiota Body Weight food and beverages biology.organism_classification Lipids Eicosapentaenoic acid Gastrointestinal Microbiome Rats 030104 developmental biology chemistry Biochemistry Docosahexaenoic acid EPA/DHA Grape seed extract Female lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) Bifidobacterium Food Science Polyunsaturated fatty acid |
| Zdroj: | Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname |
| ISSN: | 0963-9969 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.024 |
| Popis: | ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and other pathologies that involve low-grade inflammation. They have recently been shown to exert complementary functional effects with proanthocyanidins. As the reduction of health-promoting gut bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has been linked to a number of alterations in the host, the aim of this study was to determine whether PUFAs and proanthocyanidins also cooperate in maintaining well-balanced microbiota. To this end, rats were supplemented for 6. months with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 1:1 (16.6. g/kg feed); proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE, 0.8. g/kg feed); or both. Plasma adiponectin, cholesterol, and urine nitrites were measured. Gut bacterial subgroups were evaluated in fecal DNA by qRT-PCR. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined in feces by gas chromatography. Body and adipose tissue weights were found to be higher in the animals given ω-3 PUFAs, while their energy intake was lower. Plasma cholesterol was lower in ω-3 PUFA supplemented groups, while adiponectin and urine nitrites were higher. ω-3 PUFAs reduced the population of Lactobacillales and L. acidophilus after 6. months of supplementation. GSE significantly reduced L. plantarum and B. longum. The combination of ω-3 PUFAs and GSE maintained the health-promoting bacteria at levels similar to those of the control group. Acetic acid was increased by the ω-3 PUFA individual supplementation, while the combination with GSE kept this value similar to the control value. In conclusion, while individual supplementations with ω-3 PUFAs or GSE modify the populations of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and microbial products (SCFAs), their combination maintains the standard proportions of these bacterial subgroups and their function while also providing the cardiovascular benefits of ω-3 PUFAs. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (through grants AGL2009-12374-C03-01, -02 and -03; and AGL2013-49079-C2-1,2-R). The Spanish Ministry of Economics and the Panamanian Government awarded graduate fellowships to M.H. (BES2014-068592) and E.M.-T. (SENACYT/IFRHU), respectively. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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