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Based on original archival research and oral interviews, this article examines archives creation and the preservation of the history of the multinational mining companies of Selection Trust (ST) and Anglo-American Corporation (AAC) in Zambia's Copperbelt region between 1922 and 2000. The investment of foreign capital by multinational companies in the Copperbelt mines from the 1920s, marked the genesis and formal preservation of business archives in the Copperbelt. This article argues that although the ST and ACC archives were privately owned and strictly preserved for corporate interests and administrative efficiency, these documents eventually became publicly available because of Zambia's political independence and the nationalisation of the mining industry in the 1960s. In the early 1970s, the United National Independence Party (UNIP) government nationalised the Zambian mines and merged the two multinational companies to form the Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM). Consequently, in 1982, the ST and ACC archives were merged. However, following the complete privatisation of the mining industry in 2000 the identity of mining archives reverted to private entities. This article provides new and significant insights into the power and role of regional and local political-economic shifts in determining the nature and identity of business archives in Zambia. Op grond van oorspronklike argivale navorsing en mondelinge onderhoude, stel hierdie artikel ondersoek in na die totstandkoming van argiewe, en bepaald die bewaring van die multinasionale mynmaatskappye, Selection Trust (ST) en Anglo-American Corporation (AAC), se geskiedenis in Zambië se koperbelt streek tussen 1922 en 2000. Dié multinasionale maatskappye se investering van buitelandse kapitaal in die koperbeltstreek sedert die 1920's het ook die oprigting en formele bewaring van besigheidsargiewe in die koperbelt ingelui. Hierdie artikel voer aan dat, alhoewel die ST en ACC-argiewe in privaatbesit was, en met die uitsluitlike doel om korporatiewe belange en administratiewe doeltreffendheid te bevorder, het die dokumente openbare eiendom geword danksy Zambië se politieke onafhanklikheid en die nasionalisering van die mynbedryf in die 1960's. In die vroeë-1970's het die United National Independence Party (UNIP) Zambië se myne ten volle genasionaliseer en die twee multinasionale maatskappye saam laat smelt om die Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM) te vorm. Daarna is die ST en AAC-argiewe in 1982 saamgevoeg. Ná die volledige privatisering van die mynbedryf in 2000 het die mynargiewe weer privaatbesit geword. Hierdie artikel verskaf nuwe en belangrike insig wat betref die mag en die rol van politieke- en ekonomiese verskuiwings op 'n plaaslike- en streeksvlak, en die uitwerking daarvan op die aard en identiteit van besigheidsargiewe in Zambië. |
