Challenges of ICC and FISH in the Field of Targeted Therapies from Cell Block to Smears
| Autor: | Eva Tejerina, José I. Echeveste, María Dolores Lozano, Allan Argueta, Carlos E. de Andrea, Tania Labiano |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Oncology medicine.medical_specialty Immunocytochemistry NSCLC 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine FISH Cytology Internal medicine Biopsy ROS1 cytological samples Pathology Medicine RB1-214 ROSE medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry ICC Cancer medicine.disease 030104 developmental biology Fine-needle aspiration 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Personalized medicine business preanalytics Fluorescence in situ hybridization |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Molecular Pathology, Vol 2, Iss 6, Pp 55-65 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2673-5261 |
| Popis: | In the era of personalized medicine, there is an increasing demand for comprehensive and complex diagnosis using minimally invasive techniques. Nowadays, it is mandatory to integrate biomarkers in the diagnostic process, as well as in the treatment and clinical management of many cancer patients. Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for instance, are frequently diagnosed in advanced stages, at a point when only cytological material or small biopsies can be obtained. This pathology constitutes an interesting challenge for the testing of biomarkers in cytology. Furthermore, there is a growing development of imaging techniques that guide non-invasive approaches to obtain small biopsies or cytological samples. This has allowed fine needle aspiration cytology and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAC, FNAB) to become front-line procedures in the management of patients with NSCLC. It is well known that the list of biomarkers to be tested in these patients continues to increase. Nevertheless, there are several of essential biomarkers that should always be analyzed in all patients with NSCLC, not only in non-squamous but also in some squamous carcinomas (SqCC). Some of them, such as PDL1, are tested by immunocytochemistry (ICC), while others, mainly ALK and ROS1, can be tested by ICC and confirmed using other techniques such a Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Other biomarkers, namely EGFR and BRAF mutations, are currently evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques including Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). In this review, we will address the particularities and challenges that ICC and FISH pose in different types of cytological samples from an eminently practical point of view. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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