Chitinase and Fizz family members are a generalized feature of nematode infection with selective upregulation of Ym1 and Fizz1 by antigen-presenting cells
| Autor: | Iain J. Gallagher, R. A. Wilson, Patricia S. Coulson, Meera G. Nair, Matthew D. Taylor, Rick M. Maizels, P'ng Loke, Judith E. Allen |
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| Rok vydání: | 2004 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Immunology Molecular Sequence Data Antigen-Presenting Cells Inflammation Microbiology Brugia malayi Mice Immune system Th2 Cells Lectins parasitic diseases Nerve Growth Factor medicine Macrophage Animals Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Amino Acid Sequence Antigen-presenting cell Nematode Infections Interleukin 4 Filarioidea Mice Inbred BALB C biology Chitinases Chitinase Proteins biology.organism_classification medicine.disease beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases Up-Regulation Mice Inbred C57BL Infectious Diseases Nematode infection Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Parasitology Female Interleukin-4 Nippostrongylus medicine.symptom Fungal and Parasitic Infections |
| Zdroj: | Nair, M G, Gallagher, I J, Taylor, M D, Loke, P, Coulson, P S, Wilson, R A, Maizels, R M & Allen, J E 2005, ' Chitinase and Fizz family members are a generalized feature of nematode infection with selective upregulation of Ym1 and Fizz1 by antigen-presenting cells ', Infection and Immunity, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 385-94 . https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.1.385-394.2005 |
| ISSN: | 0019-9567 |
| Popis: | Ym1 and Fizz1 are secreted proteins that have been identified in a variety of Th2-mediated inflammatory settings. We originally found Ym1 and Fizz1 as highly expressed macrophage genes in a Brugia malayi infection model. Here, we show that their expression is a generalized feature of nematode infection and that they are induced at the site of infection with both the tissue nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis and the gastrointestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. At the sites of infection with N. brasiliensis, we also observed induction of other chitinase and Fizz family members (ChaFFs): acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) and Fizz2. The high expression of both Ym1 and AMCase in the lungs of infected mice suggests that abundant chitinase production is an important feature of Th2 immune responses in the lung. In addition to expression of ChaFFs in the tissues, Ym1 and Fizz1 expression was observed in the lymph nodes. Expression both in vitro and in vivo was restricted to antigen-presenting cells, with the highest expression in B cells and macrophages. ChaFFs may therefore be important effector or wound-repair molecules at the site of nematode infection, with potential regulatory roles for Ym1 and Fizz1 in the draining lymph nodes. Macrophages are a fundamental feature of chronically inflamed tissue. In the course of long-term inflammation, the macrophage phenotype often shifts away from a highly microbicidal state towards an “alternative activation” pathway as the T-cell cytokine profile shifts from type 1 to type 2 (16). In the case of helminth infection or allergy, the type 2 response can dominate from the outset. Although our understanding of macrophage activation under these type 2 conditions is increasing, whether macrophages promote the disease state or protect against it remains essentially unknown. We and others have recently discovered that macrophages activated by type 2 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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