The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Blueberries in an Animal Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
| Autor: | Joseph Francis, Leslie D. Wilson, C. Brad Wilson, Anand R. Nair, Philip J. Ebenezer |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Physiology Blueberry Plants lcsh:Medicine Tryptophan Hydroxylase Pathology and Laboratory Medicine medicine.disease_cause Hippocampus Stress Disorders Post-Traumatic Norepinephrine chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Immune Physiology Medicine and Health Sciences Medicine lcsh:Science Neurotransmitter Immune Response Chromatography High Pressure Liquid Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Mammals Neurotransmitter Agents Innate Immune System Multidisciplinary Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Brain Agriculture Berries Plants Blueberries Anxiety Disorders Anesthesia Vertebrates Cytokines Anatomy Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Research Article Serotonin medicine.medical_specialty Immunology Prefrontal Cortex Crops Neuropsychiatric Disorders Neuroses Fruits Proinflammatory cytokine 03 medical and health sciences Signs and Symptoms Diagnostic Medicine Internal medicine Mental Health and Psychiatry Animals Humans Nutrition Inflammation Tyrosine hydroxylase business.industry lcsh:R Organisms Biology and Life Sciences Molecular Development Tryptophan hydroxylase medicine.disease Rats Diet Disease Models Animal Oxidative Stress 030104 developmental biology Monoamine neurotransmitter Endocrinology chemistry Immune System Amniotes Cats lcsh:Q Reactive Oxygen Species business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Oxidative stress Crop Science Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 9, p e0160923 (2016) |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0160923 |
| Popis: | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma and stressor-related disorder that results in a prolonged stress response. It is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC). The only approved therapy for PTSD is selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), but their efficacy is marginal. Recently, we demonstrated that over-production of norepinephrine (NE) as the possible reason for the lack of efficacy of SSRIs. Hence, there is a need for novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of PTSD. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory role of blueberries in modulating inflammatory markers and neurotransmitter levels in PTSD. Rats were fed either a blueberry enriched (2%) or a control diet. Rats were exposed to cats for one hour on days 1 and 11 of a 31-day schedule to simulate traumatic conditions. The rats were also subjected to psychosocial stress via daily cage cohort changes. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized and the PFC and HC were isolated. Monoamines were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), gene and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were also measured. In our PTSD model, NE levels were increased and 5-HT levels were decreased when compared to control. In contrast, a blueberry enriched diet increased 5-HT without affecting NE levels. The rate limiting enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase were also studied and they confirmed our findings. The enhanced levels free radicals, gene and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines seen in the PTSD group were normalized with a blueberry enriched diet. Decreased anxiety in this group was shown by improved performance on the elevated plus-maze. These findings indicate blueberries can attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation and restore neurotransmitter imbalances in a rat model of PTSD. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|