Missing HIV prevention opportunities in South African children – A 7-year review
| Autor: | Mariana Kruger, Ute Dagmar Feucht, Anell Meyer |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) Postnatal Care medicine.medical_specialty Pediatrics Nevirapine Adolescent Anti-HIV Agents Psychological intervention HIV Infections Health Promotion Missed opportunities Interviews as Topic South Africa Young Adult medicine Humans Medical history Child business.industry Medical record Public health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Infant HIV virus diseases Middle Aged Quality Improvement Infectious Disease Transmission Vertical Family planning Child Preschool Female Biostatistics business Research Article medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | BMC Public Health |
| ISSN: | 1471-2458 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1265 |
| Popis: | Background The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program in South Africa is now successful in ensuring HIV-free survival for most HIV-exposed children, but gaps in PMTCT coverage remain. The study objective was to identify missed opportunities for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV using the four PMTCT stages outlined in National Guidelines. Methods This descriptive study enrolled HIV-exposed children who were below the age of 7 years and therefore born during the South African PMTCT era. The study site was in Gauteng, South Africa and enrolment was from June 2009 to May 2010. The clinical history was obtained through a structured caregiver interview and review of medical records and included socio-demographic data, medical history, HIV interventions, infant feeding information and HIV results. The study group was divided into the “single dose nevirapine” (“sdNVP”) and “dual-therapy” (nevirapine & zidovudine) groups due to PMTCT program change in February 2008, with subsequent comparison between the groups regarding PMTCT steps during the preconception stage, antenatal care, labor and delivery and postpartum care. Results Two-hundred-and-one HIV-exposed children were enrolled: 137 (68%) children were HIV infected and 64 (32%) were HIV uninfected. All children were born between 2002 and 2009, with 78 (39%) in the “sdNVP” and 123 (61%) in the “dual-therapy” groups. The results demonstrate significant improvements in antenatal HIV testing and PMTCT enrolment, known maternal HIV diagnosis at delivery, mother-infant antiretroviral interventions, infant HIV-diagnosis and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Missed opportunities without improvement include pre-conceptual HIV-services and family planning, tuberculosis screening, HIV disclosure, psychosocial support and postnatal care. Not receiving consistent infant feeding messaging was the only PMTCT component that worsened over time. Conclusions Multiple missed opportunities for optimal PMTCT were identified, which collectively increase children’s risk of HIV acquisition. Although HIV-testing and antiretroviral interventions improved, all PMTCT components need to be optimized to reach the goal of total pediatric HIV elimination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1265) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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