Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla in the gall midge Gephyraulus lycantha (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
| Autor: | Fan Zhang, Kun Guo, Hai-Li Qiao, Peng-Fei Lu, Rong Xu, Sai Liu, Jun Chen, Chang-Qing Xu, Mei Ma |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Arthropod Antennae
Male Scape media_common.quotation_subject General Physics and Astronomy 02 engineering and technology Insect 01 natural sciences Structural Biology 0103 physical sciences Animals General Materials Science Sensilla Antenna (biology) media_common 010302 applied physics Sex Characteristics biology Diptera Seta Cell Biology Anatomy 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology biology.organism_classification Sexual dimorphism Pedicel Cecidomyiidae Ultrastructure Microscopy Electron Scanning Female 0210 nano-technology |
| Zdroj: | Micron (Oxford, England : 1993). 145 |
| ISSN: | 1878-4291 |
| Popis: | The gall midge Gephyraulus lycantha (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a serious gall-forming pest that causes devastating damage in the wolfberry, Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae) in Northwest China. In the present study, the external morphology and ultrastructure of the antennae and the antennal sensilla of G. lycantha were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the moniliform antenna of G. lycantha consisted of a scape, pedicel, and flagellum, and exhibited obvious sexual dimorphism. The male antennae were significantly longer than those of females. Moreover, male flagellomeres were spheroidal nodes separated by slender internodes, whereas those of females were cylindrical with no obvious internodes. There were sex and individual differences in antennal segment number. Male antennae had 10 − 16 flagellomeres, most of which had 15, while female antennae consisted of 8 − 14 flagellomeres, most of which had 12. Moreover, a pair of antennae in the same individual had different numbers of flagellomeres. Four types of sensilla were observed along the surface of the antennae, including sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla circumfila. Among the types of sensilla, sensilla chaetica were the longest and most prominent sensilla discovered on the antennal flagellum in both sexes. Sensilla trichodea were widely distributed over the antennal surface, including the scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Sensilla coeloconica were categorized into four subtypes: sensilla coeloconica Ⅰ, sensilla coeloconica Ⅱ, sensilla coeloconica Ⅲ, and sensilla coeloconica IV; however, sensilla coeloconica IV was absent in females. Sensilla circumfila were found only on cecidomyiidae insect antennae and were attached to the surface by a series of stalks, forming loops around each flagellomere. The numbers of all four types of sensilla on the male antennal windward side were significantly higher than those on the leeward side. The probable biological functions of these sensilla were discussed herein based on their morphology and ultrastructure. These results provide an important basis for further research on chemical communication and strategies for the control of G. lycantha, and it will be able to serve future group Taxonomy studies (species of cecidomyiidae), providing new taxonomic characters (general ultrastructural morphology, number of sensilla and antennal segments, distribution of different types of setae, types and subtypes sensilla), which varies between species and subspecies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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