Optimization and characterization of the formation of oil-in-water diazinon nanoemulsions: Modeling and influence of the oil phase, surfactant and sonication
| Autor: | Abdel-Fattah S. A. Saad, El-Sayed H. M. Tayeb, Mohamed E. I. Badawy, Sondos A Mohammed, Amany D. Abd-Elnabi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Diazinon
Materials science Sonication Dispersity 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Nanocomposites Surface-Active Agents chemistry.chemical_compound Microscopy Electron Transmission Pulmonary surfactant Dynamic light scattering Lecithins Particle Size Chromatography Aqueous solution Water General Medicine Hydrogen-Ion Concentration 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Pollution Dynamic Light Scattering 0104 chemical sciences Solvent Models Chemical chemistry Solvents Thermodynamics Emulsions Particle size 0210 nano-technology Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 52:896-911 |
| ISSN: | 1532-4109 0360-1234 |
| Popis: | Nanoemulsions are particularly suitable as a platform in the development of delivery systems for lipophilic functional agents. Current research describes the formation of oil-in-water (O/W) diazinon nanoemulsions using synthetic and natural additives by adopting a high-energy (ultrasound) emulsification method. The diazinon nanoemulsions were spontaneously formed by adding dropwise a mixture of diazinon, solvent and co-solvent in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant (tween or lecithin) with continuous stirring. The nanoemulsions were then formed by ultra-sonication. The effects of three levels of active ingredient, solvent, co-solvent, surfactant, sonication time and sonication cycle and power were performed by Minitab software to design the experiment. Effects of these factors on droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), viscosity and pH of nanoemulsions were investigated. The results of the modeling showed that the experimental data could be adequately adapted in a second-order polynomial model with a multiple regression coefficient r2 of 0.821 for the prediction of particle size, PDI and viscosity. The long-term and thermodynamic stability of the prepared nanoemulsions were tested. The droplet size and morphology of the nanoemulsions were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). On this basis, a water-insoluble insecticide diazinon was incorporated into 26 optimized nanoemulsion systems to demonstrate potential applications in pest control. The results of DLS and TEM measurements showed that most of prepared nanoemulsions had an almost monodisperse droplet size distribution (PDI < 200 nm). Incorporation of diazinon had no significant effect on the size and stability of the nanoemulsions and the formulated nanoemulsion remained stable after four months of storage. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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