Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts
Autor: | Joseph A. Lorenzo |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor musculoskeletal diseases Male medicine.medical_specialty Gene Expression Osteoclasts 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Inflammation Review Bone resorption 03 medical and health sciences Mice 0302 clinical medicine Precursor cell Internal medicine medicine Animals Humans sex steroids genetics Bone Resorption Receptor lcsh:QH301-705.5 Sex Characteristics biology Estrogens General Medicine Sexual dimorphism 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology Phenotype lcsh:Biology (General) RANKL sexual dimorphism biology.protein Androgens Female medicine.symptom Bone mass |
Zdroj: | Cells Cells, Vol 9, Iss 2086, p 2086 (2020) |
ISSN: | 2073-4409 |
Popis: | Osteoclasts are the principal mediators of bone resorption. They form through the fusion of mononuclear precursor cells under the principal influence of the cytokines macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, aka CSF-1) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL, aka TNFSF11). Sexual dimorphism in the development of the skeleton and in the incidence of skeletal diseases is well described. In general, females, at any given age, have a lower bone mass than males. The reasons for the differences in the bone mass of the skeleton between women and men at various ages, and the incidence of certain metabolic bone diseases, are multitude, and include the actions of sex steroids, genetics, age, environment and behavior. All of these influence the rate that osteoclasts form, resorb and die, and frequently produce different effects in females and males. Hence, a variety of factors are responsible for the sexual dimorphism of the skeleton and the activity of osteoclasts in bone. This review will provide an overview of what is currently known about these factors and their effects on osteoclasts. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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